302 



EHOPALOCERA MALA YA NA . 



Genus TEBIAS. * 



ZVnVw, Svrftinsoti, ZooL llluatr. i. t. 22 (1820-21) ; Horef. Cat. hep. E. 1. C. p. 184 (1829) ; Boisd. Spec. G6d. 

 i. p. 051 (18861 ; Doubl. Gen. Diura. Lep. p. 70 1,1847) ; ButL Cist. Bot. vol. i. p. 44, n. ltf (1670| ; 

 Moore, Lep. Gey], vol. i. p. 118 (1881). 



Anterior wings suhtriaiigohir, apex generally more or less rounded, costal margin rounded and arched 

 at base, outer margin more or leaa oblique, inner margin sinuate. Costal uervure terminating on costa 

 a little beyond end of cell ; first subcostal nervule emitted at about one-fourth before end of cell, second very 

 near end of cell, third and fourth bifurcating about midway between end of cell and apes of wing, third and 

 fifth bifurcating beyond cell at about one-third the distance between end of cell and apes of wing ; upper 

 disco-cellular nervule shorter than the lower, which is concave, with its lower half directed outwardly; 

 discoiilal nervule emitted at the junction of the disco -ceilulars; cell broad and extending to about half the 

 length of wing ; upper median nervule somewhat convexly bent and emitted from end of cell, second with 

 its base about half the distance from that of first as from that of third. Posterior wings broadly subovate, 

 costal margin obliquely convex, outer margin rounded. Frecostal nervure more or less atrophied ; costal 

 nervine arched and almost reaching apex of wing; subcostal uervules bifurcating close to end of cell; 

 disco-cellular and median nervules arranged much as in anterior wing. Body slender; prouotum hairy ; 

 palpi shurt, scarcely grtfffldfag beyond tin: httid* BtftOttgl joim broadlj compressed, third joint minute find 

 pointed ; legs slender ; antennas with a gradually formed apical club. 



This genus is almost universally distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical 

 portions of the world ; and this is easily understood when we reflect on the migratory habits 

 of so many observed species. Iu the East the species are t as a rule, of some shade of orange* 

 yellow, with black apical and marginal markings. In the Neotropical region many species 

 have the ground-colour white, instead of yellow, and this hue is also found in some African 

 and Oriental species* 



By the general consent of all who have worked at this genus, it is agreed that the 

 discrimination or separation of the species affords the greatest difficulty. This is owing to the 

 extreme variability of the species, and to the disinclination of some cabinet entomologists to 

 admit the same, or at least with the adequacy necessary to meet these difficulties. A good 

 example of this has been afforded by the treatment accorded to some Japanese specimens. 

 T. heat be and T. mandarina are two so-called species, which, taken in their typical forms, would 

 scarcely leave a doubt as to their being thoroughly distinct and good species, hi 1880 

 Mr. Butler published a paper in which he slated that, bv (he aid of 154 specimens received 

 from Nikko, he had "been able to arrange a perfect gradational scries of scarcely differing 

 forms, from the most heavily-bordered of the Japanese representative of 1\ kecabe to the palest 

 T. maudaritta t in which the border has practically disappeared." Mr, Butler, however, did not 

 conclude from this that T. hecabe and T, mandarim are but extreme forms of one species, but 

 suggested a theory of " hybridization," and described three of the series under new specific 

 names.! Subsequent to this paper Mr, H. Pryer, an entomologist with the advantage of 



l? Mr, Kirljy (Syn. Cat. Diurn. Lep. p. 441) lias substituted HttbmVri earlier published name Kurema for ihis geuus, 

 which seems strictly correct; but as there appeal's to be a eonseusiun among lopidopterists to use the better known, 

 and. generally accepted, name Teria*, 1 have followed that course here, which, tliuugh eminently reasonable and 

 conducive to the study <jf the butterflies, us nguiust that of generic words, is still scarcely logical and in keeping witb the 

 method pursued by myself elsewhere.' 



\ Trans. Ent Soc. ltf!5o, pp. 107—200. 



