EHOPALOCERA MALAY AN A. 



Subgenus OENITHOPTEIU. 



Ormthoptem % Boisduval, Voy. Astr. L&p. p. 83 (18S2); Sp. G^a. i. p. 173 (1836 j; DoubL Geii. Dmru. Lep, 



p, 8 (1846) ; Wall. Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xxv, p. 35 (1865) ; Moore, Lap. Gcyl. vol. i. p. 154 (1SS1), 

 Amphridut, gwaine. Zool. Dluatr. ser, 2, t. 08 (1882-8), 

 TroMa, Hubn. Verz. bek. Sclimott. p. 87 (1810). 

 PachlhpUm (part), Beak, proe. Bntom* Soc. Phil ad. iii. p. 504 (1864), 



Anterior wings large, elongate and aubtriaugiilar, narrower in the male than in the female. Costal 

 nervure extending to about three- fourths of costal margin \ first subcostal nervule emitted at about middle of 

 cell ; second either at about one-fourth before end of cell, or at about one-third before cell as in O, broukeatia, 

 third emitted at about end of cell and terminating at apes of wing, fourth and fifth bifurcating at either 

 less than one-half the distance between end of cell and outer margin, or at about one-fourth the distance, 

 as in 0. brookeuna ; cell extending beyond half the length of wing ; upper disco- cellular nervnle straight, 

 shorter than the lower, which is somewhat obliquely concave ; upper discoidal nervule emitted at junction of 

 disco-cellular nervules, lower discoidal from extreme end of cell and having the appearance of a fourth median 

 nervule; lower median nervule emitted either at about middle of cell or before middle as in 0. brook60Mt f 

 second median nervule nearer lower than upper, which is emitted before the end of cell at more than half 

 the distance between it and the second median nervule ; submedian ncrvurc slightly curved and with a 

 abort basal interna] nervule. Posterior wings small and subovate, costal margin convexly rounded, 

 posterior margin convex and scalloped, abdominal margin folded. Precostal nervure with two branches, 

 the lower moat united with the costal nervure, which does not quite reach the apex of wing ; first subcostal 

 nervule emitted at about one-third before end of cell (at about one-half in G. brookeuna) ; upper disco- 

 cellular nervule oblique, longer than the second ; discoidal nervule emitted near extreme end of cell; upper 

 median nervule emitted a short distance before end of cell, second nearer upper than lower, submedian 

 nervure recurved. Male with the abdomen provided with two large anal valves. 



The larvas, as described by Mr. Moore,* are " elongated, thick, slightly attenuated at both ends, with 

 dorsal and lateral rows of rather long rleBhy tubercles." 



I have here treated Ornithoptera as a subgenus — firstly, in order to use that well-known 

 name, and secondly, because there is no valid character or characters to separate it generically 

 from Papilio. Boubleday, seeing these difficulties, sought the divisional element in the larvae, 

 which he stated differed " in having an external forked sheath for the prothoracic teutacula." t 

 This, however, has been disproved by Mr. Wallace, who found that in 0, pmidon the larva has 

 no " external sheath." Mr. Wallace therefore relied on a character found in the perfect insect, 

 viz., the u anal valves in the male." J But Mr. P. H. Goseo has found a very similar structure 

 in some species of Papilio, § and Beakirt proposed a new genus — Atrophaneura — for a species of 

 Papilio, [| which he found to be intermediate between I'apUio and QrnithviiUm f possessing the 

 41 large anal valves" of the last.1T It thus seems that the only reliable characters to 

 distinguish Otnilhoptera are, to use the words of Mr. Wallace, " the great strength and size 

 of these insects, the thick texture of their wings, their long, curved and stout antennas, their 



:: Lep. Ceyl, vol. i. p. 155. Til* larvn nnd pupa of U, tiartutA are figured from drawings made by the Bras. c]a Alwis, 

 ibid., t. 55, f- 1. ft.— Horafield has aim figured tho larva and pupa of a Bpucies found in Java (Cut. Lep. E, I. C. t. iv. f. 13, 18*), 

 f Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 8. { Trana. Linn. Soc. vol. xxv. p, 85 (1805). 



§ Trans- Linn, Soc. ser* 2, ZooL vol. ii, p. 271 (1888). 



|| P, wmjteri, Fcld., from the Philippines (described l*y Ucakirt us n new species)* 

 f Proc. Entoin. Soc. Fliilad. iii. pp. 446-7 (1804 >. 

 Juke 20, 1885. 4 0 



