RHOPALOCERA MALAY ANA. 



HELENUS Group. 



g. fttfaniu-group, Wallace, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol, xxv. p. 49 i,18G5). 

 Sect. LXm Sub-sect. B, Felder, Spec. Lepiil, Pap. pp, 81, 70 (180-i). 

 Chants^ Moore, Lop. Ceyl. vol. i. p. 119 1I88I). 



This is a somewhat extensive group of souibre-hued Fapilios, which are distributed from 

 Continental India fco the confines of the Malayan Archipelago. Four species are found in this 

 fauna, the sexes of which are more or less similar, but other species are contained in the group 

 in which the greatest sexual dissimilarity is manifest. Prof, Wood-Mason, remarking on this 

 fact, infers " the probable descent of all the members of this group from an ancestor with 

 tailless, rounded wings in both sexes, closely resembling P.dmoidarum,* but with diffused discal 

 markings in the hind-wings, and probably also in the fore-wings; the conspicuous wing- 

 blotches of P. iieUmvs, l\ castor y \ &c, having apparently resulted from tbe concentration, so to 

 speak, of such diffused colouring in the direction of the breadth of the wing, just as have the 

 discal bands of spots in P. dravidarum and P. mahadena I from a similar process of modification 

 in the opposite direction/' § 



Mr. Wallace, who observed this group in their natural condition, states that P. istvara, and 

 another species allied to P. h^ien-us t \\ "have an undulating flight, very like that of the South 

 American Morphos, or even sometimes approaching that of the large NoctmdtE, and they rest 

 with the upper wings deflexed over the lower. "IT 



8, Papilio helenus. (Tab. XXIX,, tig. 3 J .) 



Papilio Helenas, Linnaeus, Mus. Ub\ p. 185 (1764) ; Syst. Nat. i. 2, p. 745, n. 4 (1767) ; Cram, P&p. Ex. ii. 

 t. 168, A, B (1779) ; Clerck, Icones, t. 18, f. % (17G4); Fabr. Svet. Eat. p. 443, n. 0 (1775); Spec 

 Ins. ii, p, 3, n. 7 (1780) ; Esper, Ausl, Sohmett. p. 18, t, 2, f. 2 [1781}; Jabl. Natur*. SclnuuU. ii. 

 p. 166, n. 40, t. 14, f. 4 (1784) ; Godt. Enc. Mdth. ix. p. (58, n. 117 {1819) ; Iioisd. Sp. Gen. i. p. 211, 

 K 25 (1836); Gray, Cat. Lep. Pupil, p. 18, n. 77 U852); Horsf. & Moore, Gat. Lep. Mus, E.I.C. 

 vol. i. p. 101, n, 205 (1857) ; VoU* Tijd. Ent. iii. p. 74, n. 28 (i860) ; Reak. Proc, Eat, Soc. Phil. iii. 

 p. 464, n. 13 (1804); WaU. Trans. linn. Soo. vol. xxv, p. 60, n. 5G (1865) ; Moore, Proe, ZouL Soc. 

 1865, p. 767 ; ibid. 1878, p. 840 ; Druce, Proo. Zool. Sue. 1878, p. 8fi7, 11. 18 ; Hull. Trans. Linn. 

 Soc. ser. 2, Zool. vol. i. p. 658, n. 16 (1877) ; Oberth. Etudes d'Ent. Quatr. Livr. p. 45, n. G8 [lbVJy, 

 Snell. Lep. v. Midd. Sum. p. 25, n. 7 (1880) ; De Nic, J. A. S. Beng, vol. l. p. 58, u. 60 (1881) ; 

 AuriviLl, Kongl. Sv. vet, Akad. Haudl. Band 19, 110. 5. p. 10 |1882i ; Gos3«. Trans, Linu, Soc, ser. 2, 

 Zool. voL ii. p. 800, t. 29. f. 1—8 (1882) j Kheil, Bhop, tier Insel. Sias. p. B7, XL 140 (1881 |, 



AchiltuUs Htletim, Hiibn. Verz. bek. Schmett, p. 85, n. 875 (1818). 



Charm Heleitw, Moore, Lep. Ceyl. vol, i, p. 140, t. 58, f, 5 (1881). 



Hale. Wings above blackish ; posterior wings with three large, fused, discal, pale stramineous apots, 

 separated by the subcostal nervules and a more or leas obscure marginal series of reddish lunules not 

 reaching the apical area. Anterior wings beneath with longitudinal greyish rays in cell, and an outer 

 Beries of similar but broader greyish rays, becoming paler towards outer angle ; posterior wings with the 

 diecal spots much whiter than above, the outer marginal series of reddish lunules continuous to apex, 

 those at anal angle enclosing black spots, and above anal angle are two others, one being macular ; fringe 



: A species found in Continental In ilia. 



• A Bunnedti species. 



|| Probably the P. prtxaspes, Felil. 



j Another species found in Continental India. 

 § J, A. S, Bong, vol, xlix. p. 149 (1880). . 

 f 'Zoologist,* p. 4087 (1886). 



