CHAP. UtII,] 



MORTr ISLAND. 



317 



between the llalay and Papuan races, and at a spot where 

 no other writer had expccttjd it I was very math pleased 

 at this determination, as it gave me a clue to one of the 

 most difTicult piubleing in Ethnology, and enabled me in 

 many otiier [ilaces to separate the two races, and to unmvel 

 llieir intermixtures. 



On my return from Waigiou in 1860, I stayed some 

 days on the southern extremity of Gilolo* but, be3"ond 

 seeing something more of its structure and general 

 character, obtained very little additional information. It 

 is only in the northern peninsula that there are any indi- 

 gcne-s, the whole. of the rest of the islaml, with Batchian 

 and the other islands westward, being exclusively in- 

 habited by IMalay tribes, allied to those of Teniate and 

 Tidore, Tlus would seem to indicate that the Alfuroa 

 were a comparatively recent inintigration, and that they 

 had come from the north or east, perhaps from some of tho 

 islands of the Pacific. It is otlierwise difficult to under- 

 Rtaml how so many fertile districts should possess no true 

 inditrenes, 



Gilolo, or Halnialieira as it is called by the Malays 

 and Dutch, seems to have been recently nuxliiied by up- 

 heaval and subsidence. In 1673, a mountain is said to 

 have been upheaved at Gamokonora on the northern 

 |ien insula. All the parts that I have seen ba%'e either 

 been volcanic or coralline, and along the coast there are 

 fringing coml reefs very dangerous to navii;ation. At 

 the same time, the character of its natural history 

 proves it to be a rather ancient land, since it possesses a 

 number of animals peculiar to itself or common to the 

 small islands aronnd it, but almost always distinct from 

 those of New Guinea on the east, of Ceram on the south, 

 and of Celebfs and the Sula islands on the west. 



The Lsland of Marty, dose to the north eastern extremity 

 of Gilolo, was visited by my assLstant Charles Allen, as 

 well as by Dr. Bernstein ; ami the eolleetions obtained 

 there present some curious differences from those of the 

 main island. About lifty-six species of land-birds aro 

 known to inhabit this island, and of these a kingfisher 

 (Tanysiptera doris), a honeysucker (Tropidoihynchus fus- 

 cicapillus), and a large cmw-like starling (Lycocor&x moro- 



