South America.] ORIENTAL COMMERCE. 



17 



Weight. 



Halt, ot. da. ga. 



i Fatnoau, or ft V intern (liece 160 Q 2 21 



6 Vintem piece 120 0 2 43 



4 ditto 00 0 1 13 



y.liuo 60 0 1 2| 



The following are the current silver coins, with their weights : 



# Weight. 



Itcfix. cc. d*. 

 l'marao or Selb 640 0 11 12 



Craodo 4U0 0 it 0 



.} I'alaaw 320 0 5 IB 



A CruMuKor 12 Vintem piece, 240 0 4 16 



The Spanish dollar, when received by the Portuguese from a foreigner, 

 is seldom taken for more that 720 to 750 reas ; but when paid by them, U 

 estimated at 800 reas. O 



The Portuguese silver coins are in general 7 to 9 dwts, worse than 

 British standard. 



The copper coins are the piece of 20 reas, or 1 vintem, and the half 

 and quarter vintem in proportion. 



Weights are about 1 per cent heavier than avoirdupois ; 98 lbs. 

 SO dec. being equal to 100 lbs. avoirdupois, and thus divided : 



2 Drams equal to 1 Octave, 



8 Octaves , 1 Ouiiee. 



IGOunceB « I Pound. 



S l 2 Pounds * 1 Aroba. 



t Arobtis 1 Quintal, 



13 J Quintals . 1 Ton. 



The ounce is divided into octaves, scruples, and grains. Diamonds 

 are weighed by carats, of 4 grains ; the Portuguese ounce is 139£ such 

 carats, each carat equal to grains, English troy. 



Measures. — The long measures are the covada and vara; the latter 

 is 5 spans, and the covada, three ; the span is near 9 inches, so that the 

 covada is about 27 inches English. 



The measure for com, salt, and other dry commodities, is thus divided : 



2 Outavas equal to I Quarto. 



2 Quartos « I Meyo. 



2 Mcyos n 1 Alquiere, * 



1 AJquicres * 1 Funega. 



The alquiere measures 817 cubic inches, and 50 alquieres make 19 

 English bushels. 



The liquid measure is thus divided : 



4 Quartillos equal to ^Canada, 



12 Canadas 1 Almude. 



18 Almudes 1 Hani. 



26 Almudes - 1 Pipa. 



2 Pipas 1 Tonelaila 



The almude is reckoned equal to 4* English gallons. 



B 



