ail ORIENTAL COMMERCE. [Java. 



A paper currency has been also established, consisting of billets of 1000, 

 600, 300, 100, 50, 25, 10, 5, and 1 guldens; which are convertible into 

 specie on demand. For this purpose, Exchange Offices are erected at Ba- 

 tavia, Samarang, and Sourabaya ; the two latter issue no paper of greater 

 value than 100 guldens. 



The principal coins of the island are patacks and cash. The patack is 

 equal to 6 mace, or 24 cash. There are also pieces called pities, composed 

 of 4 parts lead and 1 part tin, 50 of which make 1 stiver. 



The rates at which foreign coins pass here are subject to variation ; 

 they are mostly valued, both silver and gold, according to weight and fine- 

 ness. The following coins are current, and their value is established by the 

 Government at the rates of exchange here specified : — 



The pound sterling at 10 guldens 



The 5 franc piece of France 3 * 



The Danish dollar f 2 « 



The Portuguese milrea 3| - 



100 Sicca rupees 110 „ 



100 Arcot or Madras and ^ m 



Surat rupees / 



The star pagoda * 



The Chinese tale Si • 



The Spanish dollar GG stivers 



Weights. — Gold and silver are weighed by the Dutch mark troy, 

 divided into 9 reals, each weighing 422 grains English, taking the mark at 

 379$ grains, which, according to Dr. Kelly, has been recently determined 

 to be its true value at the London Mint, from attested standards transmitted 

 from abroad. 



The Dutch troy pound of 2 marks is used generally in foreign trade, 

 but the Chinese weights are those in common use, vix. 



16 tales equal to 1 catty = 1 J lb. Dutch troy. 



100 catties I pecul = 125 lbs. Ditto, or 135 lbs. 10 oz. avoir. 



3 pcculs ... « 1 small bahar. 



44pccu!s 1 large bahar. 



The small bahar is equal to 406 lbs. 14 oz., and the large bahar to 

 610 lbs. 5 oz. English avoirdupois. Examination and comparison are, 

 however, necessary to guard against deception. 



Measures. — Rice and other grain are sold by the coyang, which 

 should weigh 3300 lbs. Dutch troy, or 3581 lbs. avoirdupois • or in small 

 quantities by the timbang of 5 peculs, or 10 sacks. There is also the 

 kulack of 7] catties; and the last of 46 measures, each containing 5 gantons. 



The liquid measure generally used is the kanne, containing 91 English 

 cubic inches : thus 33 kannes are equal to 13 English gallons. A leager of 

 wine is reckoned 360 rands, eacli rand 10 mursies ; and a leager of arrack 

 396 rands. 



