72 TRAVELS IN THE EAST INDIAK ARCHIPELAGO. 



teredf and unsuitable for raising rice ; and many of 

 its people have ])een obliged to migrate to tlie ad- 

 joining fertile shores of Java. The coffee-tree is 

 raised on this island, but the land is best adapted for 

 pasturage of the mp% which is eiinilar in its habits 

 to om" own neat-cattle, and never wallows in mires 

 and morasses like the buffalo. In the mountains on 

 the western part of Java, a wild species, the hantmg 

 {Bo^ smuhicimjy is still found. It is not regarded 

 as the source of the sapi^ but a feitile cross is ol> 

 tained from the two, and this intermediate breed is 

 said to be the one used on Bali and Lombok. The 

 8€^i is found on all the islands to and including Ti- 

 mur, on Borneo, Celebes, and the Spice Islands, and 

 has been introduced into the Philippines since their 

 discoveiy, and now lives in a wild state on Luzon, 

 just as the cattle of the pampas in South America^ 

 which have also descended from the domesticated 

 breeds imported by the Spaniards. 



On the eastern end of the island, which is quite 

 low, gi'eat quantities of salt are t)btained by evapo- 

 rating water in " pans," or small areas enclosed vrith 

 low dikes, like rice-fields. It is also manufactured in 

 a similar manner at several places on the north coast 

 of Java and on the western shore of Luzon, in the 

 province of Paiigasinan. Generally the coasts of the 

 islands throiighout the ai'chipelago are either too high, 

 or so low as to fonn merely muddy morasses, which 

 are mostly covered with a dense gi'ovvth of mangroves. 



In some places on the south coast of Java, sea- 

 water is sprinkled over sand. When this water has 

 evaporated, the process is repeated. The sand is then 



