224 TRAVELS IN TEE EAST INDIAN ARCHIPELAGO. 



ellipticaL Pulo Pisang and Pulo Kapal, already 

 noticed as falling in the fii*st circle^ are two other 

 fragments of the old crater wall All the remain- 

 ing parts have disappeared beneath the sea. Here, 

 then^ is another immense crater, greater even than 

 the famous one in the Tenger Mountains in the east- 

 ern part of Java^ the bottom of which is covered 

 with shifting, naked sand, and has been appropriately 

 named by the Malays the Laut Pasar or "Sandy 

 Sea," That crater ia elliptical in outline, its major 

 axis measuring four ami a half mihs^ and its minor 

 axis three and a half miUs^ and, thougli of suclidimen- 

 sionSj its bottom is nearly a level ioor of sand. Out 

 of this rise four truncated cones, each containing a 

 small crater. One of these, the *- Bromo " (so named 

 from Brama, the Hindu god, whose emblem is fire), is 

 still active. In this old crater the island Banda Neira 

 represents the extinct cones rising in the " Sandy Sea," 

 and Gtmong Api hag a perfect analogue in the active 

 Bromo. The enclosed bay or road, where vessels 

 now anchor in eight or nine fathoms, is the bottom 

 of this old crater, and, like that in the Tenger Moun- 

 tainSj is composed of volcanic sand. The radiating 

 ridges on the outer side of Lontar represent the simi- 

 lar ridges on the sides of every volcano that is not 

 building up its cone by frequent eruptions at its 

 summit. Again, the islands crossed by the second 

 and third cii'cles are only so many cones on tbe 

 fianks of this great volcano. Tme, those parts of 

 them now above the sea are largely composed of 

 coral rock like the west end of Lontar, but undoubt- 

 edly the polyps began to build their high walls on 



