﻿Skey. 
  — 
  On 
  the 
  Movements 
  of 
  Camphor 
  on 
  Water. 
  481 
  

  

  I 
  will 
  only 
  now 
  take 
  to 
  task, 
  in 
  a 
  direct 
  way, 
  the 
  idea 
  tliat 
  oil 
  and 
  water 
  

   mntually 
  repel 
  each 
  other. 
  

  

  If 
  any 
  one 
  will 
  put 
  a 
  slender 
  stick 
  of 
  some 
  solid 
  fat 
  into 
  water 
  and 
  

   then 
  remove 
  it 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  lowermost 
  point 
  thereof 
  is 
  about 
  one-twelfth 
  of 
  

   an 
  inch 
  above 
  the 
  water-line, 
  he 
  will 
  upon 
  due 
  examination 
  find 
  that 
  a 
  

   portion 
  of 
  water 
  adheres 
  to 
  the 
  fat 
  and 
  joins 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  remaining 
  water. 
  

   Some 
  fats 
  may 
  be 
  lifted 
  out 
  of 
  water 
  to 
  a 
  much 
  greater 
  distance 
  than 
  this 
  

   before 
  connection 
  therewith 
  is 
  broken. 
  Now, 
  you 
  will 
  perceive 
  that 
  these 
  

   effects 
  are 
  quite 
  incompatible 
  with 
  this 
  idea 
  of 
  repulsion 
  ; 
  could 
  fats 
  repel 
  

   water, 
  they 
  would 
  rather 
  depress 
  water 
  when 
  applied 
  thereto 
  than 
  raise 
  it. 
  

  

  A 
  cohesiveness 
  so 
  strong 
  as 
  this 
  can, 
  as 
  I 
  believe, 
  only 
  be 
  explained''-' 
  by 
  

   assuming 
  that 
  a 
  chemical 
  combination 
  has 
  taken 
  place 
  between 
  the 
  fat 
  and 
  

   the 
  water, 
  a 
  combination 
  not 
  of 
  masses 
  but 
  of 
  surfaces, 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  

   insoluble 
  nature 
  of 
  the 
  product 
  in 
  relation 
  to 
  both 
  the 
  substances 
  furnish- 
  

   ing 
  it. 
  

  

  What 
  is 
  true 
  here 
  of 
  fat 
  will 
  undoubtedly 
  be 
  true 
  of 
  the 
  oil 
  it 
  furnishes. 
  

  

  Allowing, 
  then, 
  that 
  oil 
  and 
  water 
  have 
  affinities 
  for 
  each 
  other, 
  these 
  

   will 
  certainly 
  come 
  into 
  play 
  to 
  a 
  very 
  great 
  extent 
  as 
  regards 
  the 
  oil 
  when 
  

   a 
  very 
  thin 
  film 
  of 
  it 
  has 
  contact 
  with 
  water, 
  such 
  as 
  obtains 
  when 
  a 
  drop 
  

   of 
  oil 
  is 
  suffered 
  to 
  extend 
  itself 
  upon 
  water 
  unchecked, 
  and 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  

   oils 
  thin 
  out 
  in 
  this 
  way, 
  and 
  so 
  rapidly 
  as 
  they 
  do, 
  upon 
  water, 
  I 
  would 
  

   attribute 
  in 
  largest 
  measure 
  to 
  successful 
  exertion 
  on 
  their 
  part 
  to 
  satisfy 
  

   this 
  affinity. 
  Corroborative 
  of 
  the 
  truth 
  of 
  this 
  opinion 
  is 
  the 
  fact 
  which 
  

   I 
  have 
  ascertained 
  that 
  oils 
  spread 
  far 
  more 
  rapidly 
  and 
  extensively 
  upon 
  

   water 
  than 
  upon 
  mercury, 
  a 
  substance 
  which 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  we 
  know 
  has 
  not 
  

   any 
  affinity 
  for 
  them 
  ; 
  and 
  in 
  further 
  corroboration 
  of 
  this, 
  oil, 
  as 
  we 
  have 
  

   already 
  seen, 
  does 
  not 
  spread 
  at 
  all 
  when 
  applied 
  in 
  small 
  quantity 
  to 
  

   water 
  which 
  is 
  covered 
  with 
  hydrated 
  camphor; 
  still, 
  each 
  of 
  these 
  sur= 
  

   faces 
  — 
  the 
  metallic 
  and 
  the 
  camphoretted 
  — 
  may 
  appear 
  to 
  us 
  as 
  smooth 
  as 
  

   that 
  of 
  the 
  purest 
  water. 
  

  

  And 
  now 
  applying 
  the 
  knowledge 
  of 
  these 
  results 
  and 
  the 
  deductions 
  

   they 
  seem 
  to 
  allow 
  us 
  to 
  make 
  to 
  the 
  elucidation 
  of 
  the 
  questions 
  which 
  

   I 
  have 
  proposed 
  on 
  your 
  behalf, 
  I 
  would 
  maintain 
  that 
  this 
  camphor 
  oil, 
  

   though 
  in 
  part 
  composed 
  of 
  water, 
  has 
  still 
  an 
  unsatisfied 
  affinity 
  for 
  water 
  

   by 
  which 
  ib 
  is 
  urged 
  to 
  extend 
  itself 
  around 
  in 
  search 
  of 
  it; 
  it 
  occupies 
  

   firmly 
  the 
  surface 
  it 
  has 
  thus 
  overrun 
  by 
  reason 
  of 
  its 
  internal 
  cohesiveness, 
  

   its 
  inertia, 
  and 
  its 
  affinity 
  for 
  water. 
  

  

  It 
  forces 
  the 
  parent 
  piece 
  of 
  camphor 
  into 
  movement, 
  because 
  being 
  

   saturated 
  with 
  camphor 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  unsatisfied 
  affinity 
  existing 
  between 
  

  

  * 
  That 
  this 
  effect 
  is 
  not 
  produced 
  by 
  atmospheric 
  pressure 
  is 
  certain 
  from 
  the 
  fact 
  

   that 
  the 
  whole 
  of 
  the 
  portion 
  wetted 
  may 
  be 
  open 
  to 
  the 
  air. 
  

  

  &8X 
  

  

  