﻿Skey. 
  — 
  Osomose, 
  as 
  the 
  Cause 
  of 
  Suspension 
  of 
  Clay 
  in 
  Water. 
  487 
  

  

  also, 
  but 
  to 
  a 
  less 
  extent 
  than 
  water, 
  that 
  is, 
  for 
  equal 
  times 
  of 
  contact 
  

   therewith. 
  

  

  "When, 
  therefore, 
  a 
  colloid, 
  say 
  of 
  albumen, 
  is 
  formed 
  into 
  a 
  stiff 
  dia- 
  

   phragm, 
  with 
  water 
  on 
  the 
  one 
  side 
  and 
  an 
  aqueous 
  solution 
  of 
  a 
  crystaUoid 
  

   upon 
  the 
  other 
  side, 
  having 
  about 
  the 
  same 
  height 
  as 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  water, 
  the 
  

   level 
  of 
  the 
  liquids 
  is 
  altered 
  by 
  their 
  unequal 
  diffusion 
  through 
  the 
  dia- 
  

   phragm, 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  water 
  is 
  gradually 
  lowered, 
  while 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  saline 
  

   solution 
  is 
  raised, 
  until 
  after 
  the 
  lapse 
  of 
  a 
  day 
  or 
  two 
  a 
  very 
  marked 
  

   change 
  of 
  level 
  is 
  observable. 
  

  

  These 
  effects 
  are 
  far 
  greater 
  in 
  the 
  case 
  of 
  weak 
  saline 
  solutions 
  than 
  

   strong 
  ones, 
  and 
  for 
  alkahes 
  and 
  acids 
  than 
  for 
  salts. 
  It 
  is 
  the 
  mechanical, 
  

   the 
  lifting 
  effect 
  observable 
  in 
  the 
  apparatus 
  described, 
  that 
  I 
  have 
  noted 
  

   for 
  the 
  elucidation 
  of 
  the 
  phenomenon 
  of 
  clay 
  suspension. 
  

  

  I 
  make 
  the 
  apphcation 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  — 
  Exchange 
  the 
  fixed 
  diaphragm 
  of 
  

   albumen 
  for 
  a 
  highly 
  elastic 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  material, 
  and 
  for 
  the 
  change 
  of 
  

   level 
  before 
  observed 
  in 
  the 
  two 
  liquids 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  change 
  in 
  the 
  position 
  of 
  

   the 
  diaphragm. 
  The 
  albumen 
  will 
  move 
  in 
  a 
  mass 
  transversely 
  away 
  from 
  

   the 
  saline 
  solution. 
  

  

  Hence 
  we 
  may 
  be 
  certain 
  that 
  were 
  a 
  fragment 
  of 
  this 
  diaphragm, 
  

   especially 
  a 
  minute 
  one, 
  placed 
  in 
  a 
  liquid 
  containing 
  some 
  salt 
  unevenly 
  

   distributed, 
  such 
  fragment 
  would 
  also 
  move, 
  and 
  move 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  du'ec- 
  

   tion 
  as 
  the 
  diaphragm 
  itself 
  should. 
  

  

  Again, 
  we 
  may 
  be 
  equally 
  certain 
  that 
  we 
  should 
  obtain 
  similar 
  move- 
  

   ments 
  by 
  charging 
  the 
  albuminous 
  fragment 
  with 
  a 
  salt 
  unequally, 
  and 
  placing 
  

   it 
  in 
  water, 
  pure 
  or 
  nearly 
  so. 
  Lastly, 
  movements 
  of 
  a 
  similar 
  nature, 
  

   but 
  not 
  so 
  rapid, 
  would 
  ensue, 
  were 
  these 
  fragments 
  charged 
  with 
  the 
  salt 
  

   equally 
  throughout, 
  as 
  some 
  part 
  of 
  their 
  exterior 
  could 
  scarcely 
  fail 
  to 
  be 
  

   of 
  more 
  angular 
  construction 
  or 
  to 
  be 
  more 
  porous 
  than 
  the 
  remaining 
  

   parts, 
  and 
  so 
  would 
  take 
  up 
  water 
  at 
  a 
  greater 
  speed 
  than 
  the 
  other 
  parts, 
  

   thereby 
  causing 
  a 
  recession 
  of 
  the 
  fragments 
  from 
  the 
  liquid 
  at 
  such 
  points 
  

   of 
  contact, 
  precisely 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  way 
  that 
  I 
  have 
  shown 
  the 
  movements 
  of 
  

   camphor 
  upon 
  water 
  are 
  produced."^' 
  

  

  Thus 
  by 
  progressive 
  changes 
  in 
  the 
  common 
  form 
  of 
  dialytic 
  apparatus, 
  

   we 
  have 
  at 
  last 
  an 
  apparatus 
  of 
  this 
  kind 
  consisting 
  of 
  a 
  vessel 
  of 
  pure 
  

   water 
  in 
  which 
  are 
  minute 
  homogeneous 
  fragments 
  of 
  albumen, 
  evenly 
  

   charged 
  with 
  a 
  salt, 
  one 
  by 
  which 
  all 
  the 
  motion 
  produced 
  by 
  dialysis 
  thereby 
  

   is 
  communicated 
  to 
  the 
  dialyzing 
  material 
  itself, 
  that 
  is 
  to 
  the 
  minute 
  

   albuminous 
  fragments. 
  The 
  same 
  result 
  would 
  of 
  course 
  follow 
  were 
  the 
  

   albumen 
  pure 
  and 
  the 
  water 
  saHne. 
  

  

  * 
  Vide 
  supra, 
  Art. 
  LXXXI. 
  

  

  