148 N. J. Mosquito Extermination Association 



verdict was rendered against the pond. The Judge's charge I am 

 unable to send you but the parties owning the pond were 'ordered 

 to abate the nuisance fortwith.' " 



Compare this picture, insofar as it portrays the malarial situation 

 in New Jersey during the decade from 1870 to 1880, with conditions 

 that exist today. In the former period it was believed that the dis- 

 ease had its origin in miasmatic conditions arising from marsh 

 lands, a stagnant pool and other impounded bodies of water from 

 which noxious odors or gasses were borne on the air. By deduction, 

 drainage was applied as the logical remedy. Today, since we know 

 that a particular species of mosquito plays a necessary part in the 

 transmission of malaria and that the propagation of this species 

 is dependent upon such aggregations of water, drainage is still the 

 most permanent if not always the most practical remedy, for the 

 control of this disease. In the old days quinine was used to break 

 the ''chills and fever." It is still the therapeutic remedy in use today, 

 the only difference being slight change or modifications in the man- 

 ner of its administration. Continued treatment of the patient until 

 his blood is free from the malaria parasite is now considered a 

 practical means of breaking one of the triple links in the chain of 

 infection. Screening of rooms occupied by infected persons dur- 

 ing the mosquito season in an Anopheles infested region has also 

 become a part of modern methods of control of this disease. 



In 1889, it was recognized that the mosquito was a factor that 

 must be taken into consideration in the control of malaria. Shortly 

 thereafter the particular genus of mosquito was identified. This 

 made it possible to attack this problem on a more scientific basis than 

 before. Hindle states : 



"Under present-day conceptions there can be no transmission of 

 malaria under any of the following conditions : 



"i. Absence of Anopheles, by which infection would be conveyed. 



"2. Absence of infected persons in the community, from whom 

 infection could be obtained by the mosquito, even if they were pres- 

 ent. 



"3. The existence of adequate 'protection' by means of which 

 either 



a. The healthy cannot be bitten 



b. The infected cannot be bitten." 



Therefore preventative action depends upon bringing about more 

 or less perfectly one or more of the conditions laid down by Hindle. 

 Theoretically, any one of the three, if thoroughly carried out, would 



