1889.] 



on the Civilization of Anciml TuiJia. 



119 



tially Roman in style. The Jamalgarhi carvings date, 1 believe, from 

 about the middle of the third century A. D., and can be usefully com- 

 pared in detail only with, the similar work in contemporary, or nearly 

 contemporary, Roman buildings. It is waste of trouble to make elabo- 

 rate comparison of their details with those of the monument of Lysi- 

 crates, which was erected about six hundred years previously, but I am 

 not sufficiently acquainted with the minutiae of architectural criticism 

 to pursue the subject further, and must leave to others the task of 

 accurately verifying the various differences and resemblances between 

 the Iudo- Corinthian and Romano-Corinthian styles. Probably, how- 

 ever, the task would not justify the labour bestowed upon it. If the 

 Roman origin of the Indo-Corinthian style be admitted, very minute 

 study of variations in detail may be deemed superfluous, great variation 

 in the embellishment of Corinthian capitals being everywhere allowed 

 and practised. 



Section III. 



The Gandhara ok Peshawar School of Sculpture Described. 



A specimen of sculpture, apparently Lido-Hellenic in style, and 

 closely related to the work of the Gandhara school, was discovered at 

 Kabul in 1833,* but the first distinct announcement of the existence of 

 a school of Hellenic art in India was made in 1836 by James Prinsep, 

 the founder of scientific Indian archaeology, who published in that year 

 at Calcutta a description, illustrated by rude plates, of the so-called 

 Silenus group procured by Colonel Stacy at Mathura. This group, 

 though undoubtedly Indo-Helleuic in style, is not the work of the 

 Gandhara school. It will be discussed in the next following section. 



The ruins of the monastery at Jamalgarhi, north-east of Peshawar, 

 were discovered by Sir A. Cunningham in 1848, but he did not publish 

 any account of his discovery till many years later. 



The first published account of the Gandhara sculptures is that 

 written by the late Sir E. C. Bayley, who printed in the Journal of the 

 Asiatic Society of Bengal for the year 1852 an account, illustrated by 

 * Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol. Ill, p. 362, PI. XXVI, fig. 1 • 

 Anderson's Catalogue, Part I, p. 261 (K. 1). The sculpture is circular, 15J inches 

 in diameter, and represents the seated meditating Buddha with flames proceeding 

 from his shoulders, and surrounded by subordinate figures. It was discovered in 

 November, 1833, in ruins two miles south-east of the city of Kabul, enclosed iu a 

 largo and beautifully roofed square masonry cell, "handsomely gilt, and coloured 

 by lapis laznli, which is found in considerable quantities in the mines of Bftdafcshfin 

 twelve days' journey from Kabul." Lapis lazuli has also been found on the sits of 

 Taxiln, and at Baoti Piud in the Bawalpindi District. (Cunningham, Arehosol, Hep 

 Vol. II, pp. 117, HI). 



