L58 



"V. A.. Smith — Grceco-Roman influence 



[No. 3, 



the conclusion that the stupa must have been constructed between the 

 years A. D. 474 and 690, at which latter date the Muhammadan incur- 

 sions had begun, and Kabul was governed by Brahman kings.* 



The Sassanian coins indicate that the monument was erected about 

 A. D. 600. 



A stupa belonging to approximately the same period, with an undis- 

 turbed deposit of coins, was opened by Sir A. Cunningham at Baoti Pind 

 in the Rawal-Pindi District, east of the Indus. f 



No stupa of later date than those at Hidda and Baoti Pind is, I 

 believe, known either in Afghanistan or the Panjab, though I should be 

 sorry to affirm that none such exist. 



These examples prove, as we had already learned from Hiuen Tsiang, 

 that Buddhism, though sadly weakened at the beginning of the seventh 

 century, was still alive, and show, which was hardly to be expected, that 

 occasionally persons conld still be found willing to spend much time and 

 money on works dedicated to the religion of Buddha. 



But these examples prove nothing in favour of the late continuance 

 of the Gandhara school of sculpture. 



I do not think that any Indo-Hellenic sculpture was found associat- 

 ed with the ruins of the Baoti Pind stupa. The published information 

 concerning the architectural and sculptured decorations of the stttpas near 

 Jalalabad is veiy meagre. So far as it goes, it indicates that, whatever 

 may be the reason of the difference, the monuments in the upper Kabul 

 valley do not display such manifest traces of Grseco- Roman influence as 

 do those situate in the lower Kabul valley or Gandhara. Wilson speaks 

 more than once of " plain mouldings " on the pilasters, and does not, 

 I think, note any example of the Indo-Corinthian capital among the ruins 

 of the Jalalabad topes. The date of these topes has, consequently, 

 little bearing on the question concerning the chronology of the Gandhara 

 sculptures. 



It is probable that these sculptures are the work of a special local 

 school, working on the lines of Roman art under the patronage of 

 the sovereigns who resided at the city now known as Peshawar. It 

 seems clear that the head quarters of the school were at Peshawar, and 

 that the special modification of Roman art, worked out by the artists of 

 that city, never spread beyond the bounds of a comparatively small region 

 in the vicinity of the capital. The connection between the Peshawar 

 school and the architects and sculptors of interior India was, I believe, 

 very slight, if it existed at all. 



I have ventured to assert positively that the Gandhara or Peshawar 



* Ariana Antiqua, pp. 44, 110, PI, XVI, XVIII. 



t Arohmol. Rep., Vol. II, p. 141. 



