170 



V. A. Smith — Gnvco-Boman influence [No. 3, 



Triumph of Bacchus, and of processions of the Genii Bacchici and 

 Geuii Circenses, many examples of which may be seen in Visconti's 

 plates, and in other illustrated works on Roman art. 



It ia not easy to determine the chronological sequence of the vari- 

 ous remains in the Yusufzai country. 



" The principal groups of ruins," remarks Sir A. Cunningham, 

 "are at Shahbazgarhi, Sawaldher, and Sahri Bahlol in the plain ; and 

 at Ranigat, Jamalgarhi, Takht-i-Bahi, and Kharkai in the hills. 

 There are similar remains at many other places, as at Topi, Ohind, 

 and Zeda in Utmanzai ; at Turli, Bakshali, and Gharyali in Sudani ; 

 and at Matta and Sanghao in Lunkhor."* 



To this list must be added the ruins of the monasteries at Mian 

 Khan and Nuttu, which lie close to those at Sanghao, and were ex- 

 plored by Major Cole. 



The buildings and sculptures of Jamalgarhi were the first described, 

 and are the best known. It is very unfortunate that no accurate record 

 has been kept in many cases of the exact site where certain sculptures 

 ■were found, and the consequent uncertainty greatly hinders satisfactory 

 discussion. But it is certain that by far the largest proportion of the 

 specimens of Gandhara art in the Indian Museum at Calcutta came from 

 Jamalgarhi, and that some of the best specimens in the British Museum 

 came from the same locality. The Gandhara school was in its prime when 

 the Jamalgarhi sculptures were executed. I have shown (ante, p. 103) 

 that the Indo-Corinthian capitals found there are later than A D. 217. 

 So far as I can see at present, the Jamalgarhi remains do not vary much 

 in style, and their execution cannot be extended over a very long period. 

 The best may be dated A. D. 250, and the latest A. D. 300. Of course, 

 all such dates must he regarded as mere approximations in round 

 numbers. 



1 have adduced (ante, p. 168) reasons for believing that the sculp- 

 tures from the upper monastery at Nuttu are slightly later, dating 

 from about A. D. 300. Those from the lower monastery at the same 

 site belong to the same period. 



The Sanghao sculptures, which are fully illustrated by Major Cole, 

 are in general contemporaneous with those at Nuttu, but some of the 

 Sanghao works look a little later. 



Many of the sculptures from Mian Khan, which are illustrated by 

 Major Cole's heliogravures Nos. 23 to 30 inclusive, seem to me superior 

 in execution to, and more Greek in style than, those from other 

 sites. But very little difference can be discerned between the work at 



* Archwol. Rep., Vol. V, p. 5. 



