PARTNERS AND MESSMATES 67 



from the stage at which a sea-anemone simply fixes 

 itself on to the shell tenanted by a hermit-crab, up 

 to the stage exhibited by the hermit-crab Chlcsno- 

 pagurus andersoniy which has no shell at all, but only 

 a blanket formed by the flesh of a colony of sea- 

 anemones. 



Besides the hermits, there are found on this coast 

 other true crabs that go partners with sea-anemones ; 

 such as the large spider-crabs of the genus Doclea, 

 and the little mask-crabs of the genus Dorippe. 



Fishes sometimes, as numerous naturalists have 

 observed and recorded, enter into partnership with 

 zoophytes. On this coast I often noticed small horse- 

 mackerels constantly using the umbrellas or bells of 

 large jelly-fishes as a shelter, and it was also very 

 common to find a certain kind of fish-fry hiding them- 

 selves among the clustering polyps that hang from the 

 floating disk of Porpita, But I shall have occasion 

 hereafter to mention very much better instances than 

 these. 



The Orissa coast is a famous place for Crustacea 

 of all kinds, and we made a very large collection of 

 them. Among those that specially attracted my atten- 

 tion were, a swimming-crab [Matuta miersii), which, 

 when angered or alarmed, could by rubbing its nippers 

 against the edge of its carapace make a noise some- 

 thing like the chirp of a cricket ; a buckler-crab 

 {Cryptopodia angulata), which at first sight might 



