ARABIAN CAMEL. 237 



animals the Camel is the most antient, the com- 

 pletest, and the most laborious slave, He is the 

 most antient slave, because he inhabits those cli- 

 mates where men were first polished. He is the 

 most complete slave, because in the other species 

 of domestic animals, as the horse, the dog, the 

 ox, the sheep, the hog, &c. we still find indi- 

 viduals in a state of nature, and which have not 

 submitted to man. But the whole species of the 

 Camel is enslaved ; for none of them exist in their 

 primitive state of liberty and independence. 

 Lastly, he is the most laborious slave ; because he 

 has never been nourished for pomp, like most 

 horses, nor for amusement, like most dogs, nor 

 for the use of the table, like the ox, the hog, and 

 the sheep ; because he has always been made a 

 beast of burthen, whom men have never taken the 

 trouble of yoking in machines, but have regarded 

 the body of the animal as a living carriage, 

 which they may load, or overload, even during 

 sleep ; for when pressed, the load is sometimes not 

 taken off, but the animal lies down under it with 

 his legs folded, and his body resting on his sto- 

 mach. Hence they perpetually bear the marks of 

 servitude and pain. Upon the under part of the 

 breast is a large callosity, as hard as horn, and 

 similar ones on the joints of the limbs. Though 

 these callosities are found on all Camels, they ex- 

 hibit a proof that they are not natural, but pro- 

 duced by excessive constraint, and painful la- 

 bour; for they are often filled with pus. The 



