1889.] Gontinental India, Burma, and the Malay Peninsula. 5 



and, on one occasion, while visiting tlie lighthouse on Double Island, I 

 scoured 360 in three hours' work, myself and one man. 



All the species I have met with emit a peculiar odour, more like 

 aromatic vinegar than anything else I know, but more pungent. This 

 odour emanates from a liquid which is ejected from an orifice near the 

 root of the tail, and so powerful is it that it has frequently betrayed to 

 me the position of the animal. On one occasion, when examining a live 

 animal, I had a drop of the liquid injected into my eye, but it proved to 

 be harmless. 



These animals, it is hardly necessary to state, are quite incapable of 

 inflicting injury to anything large than an insect. They have no sting and 

 their cheliceres are very weak. A writer in the " Scientific American" 

 sometime ago graphically described how a species common in Florida 

 was in the habit of killing horses, so powerful was its sting. This is 

 of course all nonsense. 



I have not been able to discover anything regarding the breeding 

 of these whip-scorpions. I have taken the very young only a-qnarter 

 of an inch in length and also what appeared to be pregnant females, 

 but I could find neither eggs nor embryos in them. Mr. Fea, the ener- 

 getic Italian nataralist now working in Burma, informs me, however 

 that he once discovered a female carrying a bunch of egg under her 

 cephalo thorax by the aid of her first pair of legs. This "is all I know 

 about the matter. 



The two sexes of the ThelypJwni grow up absolutely alike till full 

 grown. At this stage, the male, by some process upon which I am able, 

 I am sorry to say, to throw no light, undergoes a transformation and 

 emerges from it totally different from the female. That this is fact can 

 admit of no doubt. Adult males are nearly as abundant as adult females, 

 but half or three-quarter grown males with the external chai-acters of 

 the adult male, or with any characters at all not possessed by the 

 female, are unknown. Once adult the sexes are as different as possible in 

 appearance. 



The immature animals resemble the adult female in all characters 

 except colour, and in this latter respect the differences are not great, 

 reds being replaced by olive-yellows or greens and black tints by pink 

 ones. 



In growing up, they seem to undergo numerous moults jixst like 

 the scorpions and spiders. 



The adult sexes are markedly different in all the species I know. 

 The more marked difference is in the size and armature of the cheliceres, 

 but there are minor differences, such as the grooving or entirety of the 

 first lower abdominal segment, the size of the abdomen, and the colour 

 of the cheliceres. 



