1889.] G. King— Materials for a Flora of the Malayan Peninsula. 399 



be in racemes as in the othex- species. The seeds approach in appearance 

 those of 0. lophosperma, Kurz, but are more tubercnlate. 



Besides the foregoing, there are in the Calcutta Herbarium specimens 

 from Perak (King's Collector No. 818) of a Grafaeva with leaves and 

 flowers like 0. Narvala, Ham. It is, however, described as having a 

 thorny stem, — a character, so far as I am aware, not known in this genus. 

 This is probably a new species, but, in the absence of fruit, 1 do not 

 venture to describe it. The seeds appear to me to afford in this variable 

 genus safer characters than any other part. 



Order VIII. Violackj;. 



Herbs or shrubs. Leares alternate, entire or serrulate, stipulate. 

 Flowers regular or irregular, 2-l)racteolate. Sepals 5, persistent, equal 

 or unequal, imbricate in bud. Petals 5, hypogynous, equal or unequal, 

 imbricate or contorted in bud. Stamens 5, filaments short, broad ; 

 anthers free or connate, their cells often with apical processes ; connec- 

 tive broad, produced beyond the cells. Ovary sessile, 3-celled ; stylo 

 simple; stigma capitate truncate or cupular, entire or lobed; ovules 

 many, on 3 parietal placentas, anatropous. Fruit a 3-valved capsule. 

 Seeds small, albumen fleshy ; embryo straight, cotyledons flat. — Distrib. 

 Genera 21, species 240 ; natives of temp, and trop. regions. 



Tribe I. Tiolem. Corolla irregular ; lower petal dissimilai-. Stami- 

 nodes 0. Capsule loculicidal. 



Sepals produced at the base ... .,,1. Viola. 



Tribe II. Alsodeiem. Corolla regular. Staminodes 0. Fruit a loculi- 

 cidal capsule. 



2. Alsodeia. 



1. ViOLi, Linn. 



Herbs, rarely shrubby below. Flowers, on 1-, rarely 2-flowered 

 peduncles, often dimorphic, some large petalled which ripen few seeds, 

 others small petalled or apetalous and very prolific. Sepals produced at 

 the base. Petals erect or spreading ; lower largest, spurred or saccate 

 at the base. Anthers connate, connectives of two lower often sjjurred 

 at the base. Style clavate or truncate, ti'p straight or oblique ; stigma 

 obtuse, lobed or cupular. Capsule 3-valved. Seeds ovoid or globose. — 

 Distrib. Species about 100, all temp, regions. 



V. SEEPBNS, Wall, in Roxb. Fl. Ind. Ed. Wall. ii. 449 (not of Cat.), 

 and DO. Prodr. i. 296 ; hirsute or glabrous, stolons or stems usually 

 long, leafy and flowering ; leaves ovate-cordate, obtuse or acute, crenate- 

 serrate ; stipules toothed or fimbriate, spur saccate ; sepah acute ; capsules 

 51 



