1889.] W. Dolicvty— Gerkdii LyciBnidw from Lower Tenasserwi. 417 



and orange, and the female shares in this useful ornamentation to some 

 extent. In non-protected butterflies the green is confined to the upper- 

 side, and is quite invisible except during flight. In the Lyomnida* it 

 is found in many Zt-phyri, in some Poriiias and Massagas,'\ in a few 

 Arhopalas, and in Lavipides manikata, a rare butterfly I discovered in 

 the Malay Peninsula and named after its emerald tint above. Amono- 

 all these, whenever the female is known, it is blue, orange, black, violet, 

 or any other colour but green. The conservative and, in butterflies, 

 unadorned sex, has not yet acquired the latest development in colours. 

 It is also remarkable that the green colours seem to occur where the 

 genus is most dominant. The Malay Peninsula and Borneo form the 

 great centre of development of the genera Arhopala and Lampides, aud it 

 is there that most of the green species occur. The outlying Arhopalas, 

 those of the North- West Himalayas, and the Timorian islands, are all 

 blue. In Zephyrus, the green species are found only where the geuns 

 is best represented and most vigorous. Zephyrus pavo, a species found 

 in the Bhutan and Assam hill-ranges, remote from the regular habitat of 

 the genus, has, I discovered, the male blue and greatly resembling 

 allied females from the Western Himalayas. The green and orange 

 Ornitlwpteras also occur only in the heart of the Ornithoptera region. 

 These remarks on green butterflies also apply in some degree to certain 

 other unusual colours of great brilliancy, such as the shining coppery 

 gold of Ilerda brahma, and the fiery red of Thamala marciana. It ought 

 to be borne in mind that such colours must never be ascribed to a female 

 without careful examination. 



Subfamily THECLIN^. 

 Arhopala Group. 



1. Arhopala (Nilasera) centaurcs, Hew. 

 Mergui, Myitta. 



2. Arhopala anarte, Hew. 



One male, Myitta. This is the form described, from Sumatra ac- 

 cording to Kirby, by Hewitson in his Cat. Lyc. Brit. Mus., and is 



* Some rare species of Neocheritra are green above in acme lights, especially 

 iV. martina, a Borneau species. The allied N. hypoleuaa was also figured by Hewit- 

 sou as green, appai'ently by mistake. The Neocheritvas are among the swiftest aud 

 shyest of butterflies, and the bright colours of their upperside are ouly seen daring 

 flight. 



+ Massuija, gou. uov. nearest Veraman, Distant, but with only four subcostal 

 veins in the forewing, instead of five. From Foritia it differs in the njjper radial 

 vein, which arises from the subcos(al, a little bei/ond tho end of the ell; in the cell 

 of the hindwing, and in the markings of the underside, which are not annular but 

 simple and linuiir. Sexes very unlike. Type Forilia pediada, Hew. 



