82 



DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS, 



(5 grammes), and lastly nitrate of silver (0.5 gramme to 1 gramme} 

 in pills witli the ammonia bolus, or in weak solution in distilled 

 water, boiled or spring water. Opium is one of the most efficient 

 agents (100 to 150 grammes of plain opium tincture in a muci- 

 laginous decoction ; to be given at one time). Roll has extolled 

 tincture of nux vomica. 



5. In catarrh localized on the posterior part of the large intes- 

 tine and rectum, we try to act directly upon the mucous membrane 

 by means of clysters. When diarrhea exists, it is proper to use a 

 solution of nitrate of silver per rectum. This proceeding is of 

 special advantage in cases where intestinal catarrh takes a slow 

 course. Alum and tannin solutions, etc. (1-2 per 100), are fre- 

 quently used to prevent catarrhal tendencies. 



CHRONIC GASTRO-INTESTINAL CATARRH IN THE 



HORSE. 



Chronic Catarrhal Gastro -enteritis : Chronic Dyspepsia. 



The considerations developed in discussing the acute form of 

 this disease might be repeated here, in order to demonstrate the 

 propriety of understanding chronic catarrh of both the stomach 

 and intestine as being included in the same description. A& 

 pointed out by Roll, gastro-intestinal catarrh is a frequent disease 

 in the horse. It usually constitutes an essential morbid condition, 

 but in some cases it is merely a phenomenon of another organic 

 affection (alterations of stomach and intestine, disease of the lungs,, 

 heart, and kidneys). This latter variety of chronic catarrh is par- 

 ticularly found in old horses. 



Etiology. This is a disease common to all periods of life, some 

 animals, however, are more particularly exposed to contract it : the 

 grave troubles of nutrition, cachectic or anemic conditions, chronic 

 intoxications, exhaustion from excessive fatigue, etc., undoubtedly 

 predispose to the affection. 



Chronic gastro-intestinal catarrh may follow the acute form, 

 when the causes taking part in its etiology act for some time, either 

 in an intermittent or a continuous manner. 



We would mention here as conditions producing chronic catarrh, 

 the various hurtful influences which have been mentioned in acute 

 catarrh, and esjiecially the lack of hygienic conditions, irregular 



