PHARYNGITIS. 



41 



part of the trachea.^ It is the so-called membranous angina. 

 Besides, we find signs of asphyxia (pulmonary œdema, venous 

 hyperemia and its consequences). 



When recovery is about to follow, the respiratory phenomena 

 become less marked, and after five or ten days everything returns 

 to normal. But, often, chronic inflammatory alterations of the 

 peri-pharyngeal connective tissues persist, and produce a wheezing 

 noise. Roll looks upon this as the result of the formation of small 

 abscesses, surrounded by an infiltrated connective tissue, which 

 are formed in the neighboring tissues of the pharynx in serious 

 pharyngitis. 



The gravity of the diagnosis depends upon the cause of the 

 disease, on its intensity and extent, and on the means of treatment 

 at hand to check it. It is serious in proportion to the inflamma- 

 tory process in the larynx ; it is usually judged by the more or 

 less marked difliculty in the respiration and the intensity of the 

 fever. 



Treatment. The animals must be placed in a dry stable, of 

 mild temperature, and protected from draughts. Slops made of 

 bran and flour, green food, but especially curdled milk, should be 

 given. 



At the beginning of the disease an emetic may act as an 

 abortive ; it is often of advantage to administer a second, and 

 sometimes a third one, after a few days (Spinola). White helle- 

 bore, in doses of 5 centigrammes to 2 grammes, is an excellent 

 drug for this purpose ; it can be replaced by ipecac, in doses of 1 

 to 3 grammes. The medicaments are given mixed with the food, 

 or, if the animals do not eat, incorporated in oil. We should 

 never have recourse to drenches, as they are always dangerous. 

 For this reason emetics are not advisable. Clysters and hypo- 

 dermatic injections are more suitable, especially subcutaneous 

 injections of vera trine (20 to 30 milligrammes dissolved in 3 to 

 4 grammes of alcohol). 



Counter-irritations upon the throat (ointment of cantharides, 

 etc.) are useful in some cases, ineflicient in others. 



Diet, emetics, [sedatives], and derivatives may be all that is 

 required in benign cases ; in obstinate constipations the adminis- 

 tration of oils and medicated clysters are to be recommended. 

 For cases of any gravity there is no systematic medication. A 



^ Sesselmann: Preuss. Mittheil., 1853-54. 



