PHARYNGITIS. 



31 



to be the main seat of infection in strangles, and strangles and 

 pharyngitis have often been mistaken for each other ; it appears 

 frequently as a complication of aphthous fever, hydrophobia, 

 canine distemper, contagious pneumonia of the horse, petechial 

 fever, anthrax, chronic and acute glanders, tuberculosis, etc. 



4. Infection. Various epizootic outbreaks of angina prove the 

 existence of an infectious agent producing pharyngitis in certain 

 instances. Its character and course are then similar to those of a 

 contagious disease. 



We must be prudent when we observe this form of angina in 

 the horse. A pharyngitis, with the formation of abscess of the 

 submaxillary ganglions, existing as an epizootic, must always be 

 considered as a symptom of strangles (streptococcus pyogenes of 

 strangles ! ). 



An infectious pharyngitis, often complicated by pyemia, is com- 

 monly observed in young dogs during the first week of life. 



Pathological anatomy. We think it proper to first review 

 the normal anatomical features. According to Franck, the mucous 

 membrane of the soft palate contains a thick layer of yellowish 

 acinous glands, secreting mucus and serum (Ellenberger's glands) ; 

 in the pig alone are found numerous small lymphatic ganglions 

 between these glands. The pharyngeal mucous membrane pos- 

 sesses but a very thin covering of these mixed glands. At the 

 base of the tongue, and by the side of the amygdalae (tonsils) are 

 found numerous openings, which represent lymphatic follicles. 

 Upon the superior border, in the neighborhood of the Eustachian 

 tube and upon the dorsum of the pharynx, are also numerous 

 lymphatic follicles. In the horse and pig the amygdalae are situ- 

 ated in the posterior part of the buccal cavity, where we notice the 

 two excavations called the foramen csecum. In other domestic 

 animals we find only a deep depression ; it may be to this difference 

 that we can attribute the frequency of angina in the horse and pig. 



It being, as already stated, almost impossible to establish a pre- 

 cise diagnosis of the localizations of pharyngitis in our animals, 

 to make an anatomo-pathological description of them would be of 

 no practical interest. 



In light cases of pharyngitis the mucous membrane, marked 

 with a diffuse or ecchymotic redness, is thickened, covered with a 

 mucous or muco-purulent exudate and sometimes streaked with 

 blood ; it often presents traces of erosion. In chronic pharyn- 



