•CHRONIC GASTBO-INTESTINAL CATARRH IN THE HORSE. 87 



animals are worked, especially when they are compelled to under- 

 take violent exertions ; in other circumstances they disappear 

 entirely. The least mistake made in their alimentation may induce 

 an aggravation of the general condition and intestinal pains. Peri- 

 odical colics are frequently observed in chronic catarrh of the 

 stomach and intestine. 



In serious catarrhs and those of long duration we often observe 

 strange sympathetic uervous complications, which were formerly 

 included under the dénomination ^' stomachal vertigo^' (staggers). 

 Besides unwillingness to work, which always exists, we observe a 

 •considerable nervous depression, as coma, stupefaction of the motor 

 and sensory centres, or attacks of vertigo (gastric vertigo, abdom- 

 inal vertigo). In order to explain these troubless it has been held 

 that there was a transmission of the nervous irritations of the 

 stomach to the brain, also cerebral anemia produced by blood- 

 stasis in the walls of the digestive canal, and auto-infection by 

 resorption of abnormal products formed in the stomach (Senator). 



In his Traité de 3fédecine vétérinaire judiciaire, Gerlach points 

 out the singular abuse formerly made of the term stomachal 

 vertigo." The disease described under this name by Spinola and 

 Van Gemmeren corresponds without doubt to chronic lupinosis, and 

 to most diseases which are included at the present day under the 

 denomination of subacute encephalitis — as is proved by the cause 

 to which the trouble is ascribed by these authors : the feeding of 

 clover. There is quite a group of various morbid conditions which 

 are made manifest by gastric troubles and nervous depression. We 

 observe similar symptoms in ulcers of the stomach, in gastritis, 

 in verminous affections, and especially in the condition called 

 " Sch Weinberg's induration of the liver.'' In order not to con- 

 found these diseases with true vertigo, and on account of the 

 reasons just mentioned, the expression stomachal vertigo ought to 

 be dropped. 



There are cases where persistent diarrhea forms the predominating 

 symptom, permitting us to define the existence of chronic intestinal 

 catarrh ; we often observe also constipation and diarrhea alternating. 

 These opposite conditions are almost always accompanied by flatu- 

 lence and symptoms of anxiety returning periodically. 



The urine is not of a constant character; its modifications are in 

 accord with the degree and duration of the perverted appetite, with 

 the alternations of diarrhea and costiveness, and also with the 



