CHRONIC GASTRO-INTESTINAL CATARRH OF THE OX. 99 



when given to the ox. Its sialagogue action produces accessory 

 effects which are nothing less than favorable. The same is the case 

 when a combination of physostigmine and pilocarpine is used. 



ACUTE GASTRO-INTESTINAL CATARRH OP SHEEP. 



The etiology and symptomatology are almost the same as in the 

 ox. Improper alimentation and colds are the principal causes of 

 the disease. Gerlach has noticed catarrh in animals feeding in rich 

 pastures ; Schick has seen it in sheep abundantly fed on raw potatoes. 



The principal symptoms are : inappétence, disturbance of rumi- 

 nation, weakness, diarrhea, etc. ; constipation is rarely observed. 



The weak constitution of the sheep exposes it much more than 

 the ox to gastro-intestinal catarrh ; and the mortality from this 

 affection is quite considerable in this species. In a flock of 600 

 animals, Schick saw 60 sheep succumb in eight days ; in a 

 flock of 300, Gerlach notes the death of 20 in four hours. The 

 histological alterations are the same as those produced by drastic 

 purgatives. The existence of the disease in a large number of ani- 

 mals of the same flock has made it resemble an infectious disease. 



The use of the œsophageal sound or trocar may be necessary to 

 counteract conditions which may arise during treatment. 



CHRONIC GASTRO-INTBSTINAL CATARRH OP THE OX. 



Chronic Dyspepsia : Chronic Indigestion : Obstruction of 

 the Third Stomach : Chronic Omasitis. 



The disease which we are about to describe is ordinarily named 

 obstruction of the third stomach," a designation derived from the 

 most characteristic alteration produced by it : the presence of dried 

 alimentary matter in the third stomach. If the diagnosis of the 

 chronic gastro-intestinal catarrh has seldom been made, it is because 

 the disease is almost always designated under the name of 

 "omasitis,'' or more commonly by "obstruction of the third 

 stomach," a term which is incorrect for two reasons ; first, because 

 it does not give a true idea of the nature of the disease ; second, 

 the obstruction of the third stomach is observed in a number of 

 affections of the digestive apparatus which lead to cessation of rumi- 

 nation and to the suppression of the peristaltic movements of the 



