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192 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. 



membrane ; it may also be covered by pediculated vegetations, which 

 at times protrude through the anus. The animals make frequent 

 expulsive efforts or drag themselves upon their seat, the posterior 

 members stretched under the body ; the gait is stiff, painful ; the 

 dog is often cross ; at certain moments we observe a sexual excite- 

 ment, and even rabiform symptoms. Rectal prolapsus is not rare ; 

 the mucous membrane which covers the ruptured mass is very 

 vascular, sometimes torn. Later, the varicose vegetations may be- 

 come thrombosed, suppurate, and lead to death through septicemia 

 or pyemia. 



In a horse, Utz observed slight colics related to hemorrhoidal , 

 vegetations of the size of a nut ; these colics were accompanied by 

 .anal hemorrhages and by a periodic expulsion of dark bloody clots, m 

 Anemia and hydremia appeared gradually ; finally, bloody perspira- m 

 tion was observed, and the animal succumbed rapidly. 



In cases of sang de lombes (rectal hemorrhagic inflammation) of 

 the ox, Haubner and Siedamgrotzky have noted the following 

 symptoms : a febrile condition occurring suddenly, a stiff walk, 

 sensitiveness of the lumbar and croupal region, frequent expulsive 

 movements, rare and scant defecations, dry excrements mixed with 

 blood; high temperature; aual hemorrhages and tumefaction of the 

 rectal mucous membrane. The disease ends generally in a cure 

 within three, four, or five days ; but when the inflammation is very 

 intense it may cause death. 



Differential diagnosis. It is relatively easy to recognize 

 gastro-intestinal hemorrhages due to gastro-enteritis, from a gen- 

 eral disease like rectal inflammation or a hemorrhoidal ectasia; but 

 in some instances we are much embarrassed in distinguishing 

 hemorrhages caused by ulcers, by mechanical hyperemias of the 

 mucous membrane, or through the attachment of foreign bodies to 

 it. The symptomatology may then guide the practitioner. 



When liquid or coagulated blood is rejected through the mouth 

 and nostrils, it is important to determine its source, in order to 

 know if the ])lood comes from the lungs or from the stomach. 

 Hematemesis is recognized through gastric troubles which precede, 

 accompany, or follow it, also through bloody excrements, nauseas, 

 and vomitings, and lastly by the character of the rejected blood, 

 which is more or less coagulated, of a black color, similar to coffee- 

 grounds, and which has an acid reaction. In hemoptysis, on the 

 contrary, the blood is vermilion-red, spumous, and of alkaline reac- 



