218 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. 



an insoluble arsenical combination. Dose, to be given every 

 quarter of an hour: for the dog, 0.5 to 1 gramme; for the horse, 

 5 to 10 grammes; for the ox, 10 to 20 grammes. When these 

 preparations are not at hand, other ferruginous preparations may 

 be used : sulphate of iron, rust-water, etc., also lime- or sugar- 

 water, white of egg, and mucilages. Oil is counter-indicated. 



The acute arsenical poisonings are by far the most frequent ; they 

 are seen in all domestic animals. Pure arsenic, its preparations, 

 the yellow arsenic and red arsenic, arsenical paintings (arsenate of 

 copper and Scheele's green). Fowler's solution, the arsenical vapors 

 escaping from high furnaces where minerals are reduced which 

 contain arsenic, poisons thrown around to kill rats, arsenical baths 

 used for treatment of sheep mange, arsenous acid used as a caustic 

 — these agents are the principal causes of arsenical poisoning. The 

 intensity of the general effects depends upon the condition of the 

 arsenical preparation which has produced the poisoning. Thus, 

 dissolved arsenous acid produces general effects rather than local 

 accidents ; the contrary takes place when this agent is administered 

 in a solid condition. The perforation of the abomasum and of 

 the abdominal wall in the ox is due to the accumulation in the 

 stomach of arsenous acid administered in powder or in small 

 pills. 



For the horse and the small ruminants the fatal dose is 10 to 15 

 grammes ; for the ox, from 15 to 30 grammes ; for the pig, 1 gramme ; 

 for the dog, from 0.1 to 0.2 gramme. 



Fine pulverized arsenous acid put upon an external wound is 

 fatal to the horse in doses of 2 grammes ; to the sheep, 0.2 gramme ; 

 to the dog, 0.02 gramme. As a caustic it is much less dangerous. 



(6.) Ohronic Arsenical Poisoning of the Ox (Disease due to Vapors 

 of High Furnaces). 



Symptoms. They are : chronic diarrhea, cough ; dry adherent 

 skin, epidermic desquamation ; muscular atrophy beginning with 

 the hind quarters, weakness, paresis, paraplegia ; emaciation and 

 cachexia; arrest of lacteal secretion, abortion, non-delivery, diffi- 

 cult fecundation (Haubner). 



Pathological anatomy. There is a considerable emaciation 

 of the cadaver, hydremia; sloughs, ulcerations, cicatrices of the 

 abomasum, and more rarely of the rumen ; redness, ecchymoses 

 superficial inflammation, swelling and softening of the gastro- 



