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DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS, 



Later are observed weakness, trembling, convulsions, ansesthesia; 

 small, evasive pulse, somewhat slow ; accelerated respiration. 



Autopsy. The lesions observed are those of acute gastro- 

 enteritis. 



Treatment. White of egg, mucilage, milk, iron filings, por- 

 phyrized iron, sulphur, calcined magnesia, may be used, as well as 

 narcotics. 



II. Chronic poisoning. (Produced upon the sheep for ex- 

 perimental purposes by Ellenberger and Hofmeister.) 



Symptoms. We see albuminuria, icterus, hemoglobinuria, and 

 later hematuria. There is great muscular weakness and emaciation ; 

 momentary constipation, derangement of the appetite and rumina- 

 tion ; also diarrhea toward the end of life. Death occurs in con- 

 vulsions. 



Autopsy. Methemoglobinemia : the blood is dark, there are 

 granules of hematin in the renal canals, also in the parenchymatous 

 structure of the liver and spleen, etc. Parenchymatous hemorrhagic 

 nephritis. Fatty degeneration and icteric coloration of the hepatic 

 cells. Icterus, granular condition of the striated muscular fibres 

 and myocardium ; the spleen is enlarged; we observe also intestinal 

 catarrh and pulmonary œdema. 



These poisonings, which are very rare in our animals, are pro- 

 duced by damp food that has been kept in copper vessels, more 

 rarely through sulphate of copper, copper alum, acetate of copper 

 (verdigris), oxide or carbonate of copper, Egyptian ointment, paints 

 with a copper base, etc. They are never produced by metallic 

 copper. The copper salts are deposited and accumulate in the 

 different organs, especially in the liver. The essential alteration of 

 chronic copper poisoning is the destruction of red blood-corpuscles, 

 the same as in poisoning through chloride of potassium (Johne, 

 Ellenberger, and Hofmeister), 



12. Poisoning by Zinc. 



Symptoms. Vomitings, colic, diarrhea, weakness, and paresis; 

 later anemia and cachexia. 



Autopsy. There is anemia or atrophy of the intestinal mucous 

 membrane, gastro- enteritis in the shape of inflammatory centres and 

 circumscribed erosions. 



Treatment. We give white of egg, mucilage, sugar- water, sul- 

 phur, and calcined magnesia. 



