LUPINOSIS OF THE SHEER 



245 



3. The kidneys show parenchymatous alterations similar to those 

 of the liver, but less marked. We see a parenchymatous nephritis, 

 turbid tumefaction of the epithelial cells of the renal canals, the 

 existence of cylindrical exudates in Henle's tubes, tubuli uriniferi, 

 etc. Finally, we find in the bladder, which is almost empty, alter- 

 ations showing catarrhal cystitis. 



4. In the digestive apparatus we observe the icteric coloration of 

 the mucous membrane, a catarrhal parenchymatous gastritis (glan- 

 dular), especially marked in the abomasum, an inflammatory red- 

 ness with hemorrhages in the small intestine, with catarrhal lesions 

 of the entire intestinal canal. 



5. The myocardium is pale and friable ; the blood contained in 

 the heart and the large veins is dark and thick; when exposed to 

 the air it coagulates and returns to its vermilion color. In most 

 organs (intestine, skin, subcutaneous connective tissue, peritoneum, 

 uterus, meninges, etc.) there exist capillary hemorrhage. 



6. The cadavers are, as a rule, emaciated. The muscles are of a 

 gray-yellowish hue ; their fibres are granulous, they have under- 

 gone fatty degeneration, they have sometimes lost their transverse 

 striation. The carcass decomposes rapidly. 



Symptoms. The first symptom of lupinosis is loss of appetite. 

 The sheep, even the animal so accustomed to consume lupins, only 

 eats the toxic plants after some hesitation ; he will frequently go 

 hungry rather than touch them ; later he refuses all food. The 

 temperature rises; it may be found as high as 40° or 41° C. and 

 more ; the thermic curve shows remissions ; hyperthermia is some- 

 times observed the day following the ingestion of toxic lupin ; a 

 short time before death the temperature falls considerably. The 

 pulse is accelerated ; we may count as many as 130 pulsations and 

 more per minute. 



Icterus appears sometimes on the second or third day, at other 

 (imes only on the fifth or sixth ; its invasion is sudden, or, on the 

 contrary, slow and gradual — in these cases the yellowish colora- 

 tion is always first apparent in the eye. In certain cases this is 

 altogether absent; it is, therefore, not a constant symptom of 

 lupinosis. 



Within a few days, and often from the very beginning of the 

 trouble, we detect weakness and stupefaction ; the gait is stiff ; the 

 animals remain recumbent for a long time, and rise up only with a 

 great deal of trouble ; they do not defend themselves when touched^ 



