INTESTINAL HELMINTHIASIS. 



259 



being soldered over it, and forming an arch covered with thick 

 layers of desquamated epithelial cells. In their neighborhood Lie- 

 berkuhn's glands were shortened and bevelled ; here and there was 

 observed a hypertrophy of the intertubular connective tissue. Such 

 alterations lead forcibly to functional disturbances, as much through 

 obstruction to absorption resulting in papillar hypertrophy as to 

 the diminution of intestinal secretions consecutive to atrophy of the 

 glands. 



In the dog, intense anatomical alterations are sometimes produced 

 by the Tœnia Echinococcus. These parasites, which are extremely 

 small, are fixed by the hundred thousand upon the mucous mem- 

 brane ; they often produce intestinal hemorrhages and a fatal enter- 

 itis. Other ribbon-worms completely obstruct the lumen of the 

 intestinal canal, and may produce invagination. 



In poultry, the main alterations which are detected upon the 

 intestinal mucous membrane are : hyperemia, infiltration, desqua- 

 mative catarrh, with abundant secretion of a reddish-yellow or 

 purulent mucus. 



In the horse, Mégnin has observed perforation of the small intes- 

 tine, with the formation of diverticuli and cysts, produced by the 

 Tœnia per/oliata. 



We owe to Schone some interesting statistics on the entozoa of 

 the dog : 



1. The relative frequency of taenias, and entozoa in general, in 

 the canine races, is established by the following figures : 



In hunting dogs examined, 52.94 per cent, carried entozoa {Tœnia 

 serrata was found most frequently). 



Butcher dogs gave a proportion of 66.66 per cent, (the most 

 common entozoon, Tœnia marginata). 



Watch dogs, 40.44 per cent, (the most common entozoon in this 

 breed, Tœnia cucumerina). 



Coach dogs, 72.22 per cent, (the entozoon found in almost all cases 

 was the Tœnia marginata). 



Shepherd dogs, 57.14 per cent, (they were affected by Tœnia mar- 

 ginata, T. serrata, and T. cucumerina; these are the only ones in 

 which the Tœnia Cœnurus has been detected, 7.14 per cent.). 



Pet dogs, 70.37 per cent. (36 per cent, were affected by Tœnia 

 marginata and T. cucumerina, and 15,74 per cent, by T. serrata. 



2. Ascaris marginata has been found most frequently (42 per 

 cent.) in pet dogs. 



