260 DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. 



3. Uncinaria trigonocephala has been found exclusively in pet 

 dogs (5.2 per cent.). 



4. EeMnoGocGus polymorphuSy exclusively upon coach dogs (5.5 

 per cent.). 



5. Cysticercus cellulosœ, also exclusively upon coach dogs (5.5 

 per cent.). 



6. Hemistoma alatum, exclusively upon coach dogs (5.5 per cent.). 



7. Pentastoma tœnioides (^Linguatula rhinaria) has been detected 

 most frequently in shepherd dogs (21.42 per cent). 



According to Zschokke's researches made upon 177 dogs, 60, or 

 34 per cent, were affected by taenias : thirty-eight carried Tœnia 

 GUGumerina, nine Tœnia marginata, seven Tœnia EGhinococcus, three 

 Tœnia serrata, and three Tœnia Cœnurus. 



Symptoms. In the great majority of cases the taenias do not 

 produce any appreciable symptom. 



When they cause some disturbances they are ordinarily those of 

 chronic intestinal catarrh, accompanied by particular manifestations, 

 varying according to the species. The animals in which we most 

 frequently detect accidents caused by entozoa are the dog, lamb, and 

 chickens. 



1. The taenias are very frequent in the dog, but cases where they 

 produce disturbances of a general nature are, as a rule, quite rare. 

 They are most frequently found in butcher, shepherd, and hunting 

 dogs, also in pups of all breeds. The symptoms regularly produced 

 by these parasites are those of chronic intestinal catarrh. The 

 appetite is very capricious; at certain times we observe a true 

 hunger-disease, nevertheless the condition of the body is reduced ; 

 young dogs are often restless ; they wag the tail, run, and snap 

 toward the abdomen with their teeth, lie down frequently, etc. 



In very irritable dogs which carry large numbers of taenias, and 

 mainly Tœnia EchinoGOGGUs and T. GUGumerina, we detect at times 

 rabiform symptoms, which were formerly responsible for the belief 

 that there was a close connection between helminthiasis and hydro- 

 phobia. The manifestations of this ^' pseudo-lyssa" are vertigo, 

 convulsions, epileptiform attacks, paralysis, a tendency to biting, 

 alteration of the voice, paralysis of the lower jaw, great weakness, 

 and stupefaction (Leisering has produced all these symptoms in his 

 experiments upon dogs by making them ingest echinococci). In 

 general, these rabiform manifestations are determined by the Tœnia 

 EchinoGOGGUs ; we have also observed them with the Tœnia cucu- 



