264 



DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. 



istration of a purgative, except when the anthelmintic possesses 

 laxative properties. The detached scolex (head) may become fixed 

 anew upon the mucous membrane. 



The tseniafuge preparations ought to find the digestive canal 

 prepared by a fast of twenty-four hours, and by clysters. They 

 should be given on an empty stomach. It is always prudent to 

 hold a second dose ready for the dog, in case tlie first one should be 

 vomited. 



1. Against tsenias affecting the dog we use especially, etherized 

 extract of the male fern (2 to 8 grammes in capsules or pills, with 

 powder of fern rhizome) ; we may also give the latter fresh, in doses 

 of 10 to 25 grammes. Fern extract is incontestably one of our best 

 tseniafuges. Kamala, in doses of 2 to 12 grammes, is both anthel- 

 mintic and purgative. We use also the bark of pomegranate root 

 (50 to 150 grammes macerated in a litre of water for twenty- four 

 hours, and reduced by boiling); also the flowers of the kousso 

 {Brayera) (5 to 25 grammes in milk) ; renewing the dose at the 

 end of an hour. (Koussin, 5 grammes in 50 grammes of castor oil, 

 has not given us any satisfactory results.) Pulverized areca nut 

 was recommended by Hauly as early as 1862, and lately it has 

 come back into favor ; it is given in the dose of 8 to 20 grammes, 

 put into fresh butter, and administered twice with an interval of 

 one to two hours ; if there is no evacuation after two or three hours 

 we give 10 to 30 grammes of castor oil. The taenias and nematode 

 worms are ejected after two to six hours. The areca nut is more 

 frequently vomited than most of the other anthelmintics. We use 

 more rarely pumpkin seeds (25 to 30 seeds) dried and pulverized, 

 completing their action by the administration of a laxative (Ziirn), 

 the fruit of the Emhelia Rihes (Harris), and the black oxide of cop- 

 per, advised by Hager (0.05 gramme three times per day for several 

 consecutive days). Chloroform and cresol are much more efficient 

 than these latter agents. 



2. In cases of epizootic tseniasis we must first remove the lambs 

 from the suspected pastures. According to Hackbarth, the taenias 

 only become really efficient where the worms have attained a cer- 

 tain development and when the animals present serious troubles 

 produced by parasites. We may use all the anthelmintics indi- 

 cated for the dog, and in the same doses. Among the modern 

 remedies, the most efficient are the picrate of potash (0.6 to 1.25 

 gramme, in pills). and koussin (0.12 gramme). Philippi prefers 



