INTESTINAL HELMINTHIASIS. 



269 



a millimetre to twelve millimetres long; in addition, we always 

 detect a slight enteritis. 



2. The S. tetracantha, which often exists in larger numbers in 

 the colt, produce a hemorrhagic enteritis, with small submucous 

 purulent yellowish pimples, the centre of which is the seat of larvae 

 of the sclerostoma ; quite often the mucous membrane is marked 

 with small cicatrices at this point. 



Symptoms. The sclerostomas always cause trouble when they 

 exist in any considerable quantity in the intestine. Generally they 

 produce an inflammatory condition of the mucous membrane of the 

 large intestine, and sometimes fatal colics. We may see violent 

 expulsive efforts, and a liquid diarrhea which is also bloody. If 

 we make a rectal exploration, the arm is often covered with a great 

 quantity of small sclerostomas. An incident has been related of 

 strongylosis, with extreme emaciation, in an old mare; and another 

 with intense diarrhea, in a colt. In a case reported by Hill, the 

 parasite, in emigrating to the surface of the brain, had caused a 

 meningitis complicated with hydrocephalus, which was marked by 

 symptoms of immobility ; in others it had invaded the genital 

 organs and produced sclerosis and atrophy of the testicles (Railliet). 

 In two horses, Kilt found adult sclerostomas in the peritoneum. 



Treatment. The same indications would be adapted to stron- 

 gylus as in cases of ascarides, if the difficulty of the diagnosis did 

 not render it visionary in the majority of cases. According to 

 Spooner, the encysted larvae of the Sclerostoma tetracanthum would 

 seem to be very hard to expel. 



(B.) STRONGYLOSIS OF THE ABOMASUM OF SHEEP. 



(Strongylus contortus.) 



The round worms that we find in the stomach of the sheep and 

 of the goat, which exist often in large numbers in lambs, determine 

 a disease known under the name of strongylus of the abomasum 

 or "red verminous gastritis'' {I'othe Magenwurmseuche). In the 

 spring and summer this disease appears in an epizootic form, and 

 its economic importance equals that of epizootic taenia; it is fre- 

 quent in localities where stagnant waters are to be found — that is to 

 say, wherever verminous bronchitis exerts its ravages (Strongylus 

 Filaria). Gerlach, who detected in several regions the coexistence 

 of these two affections, has searched the etiological and pathogenic 

 reports which exist concerning them. 



