PARENCHYMA TO US HEPA TITIS. ' 285 



Amte yellow atrophy of the liver is but a parenchymatous hepa- 

 titis with a very rapid course. We observe it most frequently in 

 lupinosis, in the pathological anatomy of which it constitutes a 

 feature that is always present (see Lupinosis). The hepatic typhus, 

 described by Haubner, Franzen, and others, consists also of an 

 acute yellow atrophy, produced by alimentation with malt or with 

 grasses from swampy meadows. In septicemia, in phosphoric 

 poisoning, and in many infectious diseases, the parenchymatous 

 hepatitis is frequently transformed into acute atrophy ; the liver 

 has decreased in size, it is softened, its parenchyma is yellow in 

 color ; the hepatic cells form but a fatty granular detritus. Besides 

 we find an intense icterus of the liver (acute yellow atrophy) ; in 

 some places, however, there exists a pronounced hyperemia (acute 

 red atrophy). In the other organs we almost always find hemor- 

 rhages. The indications are those of lupinosis (gastric troubles, 

 icterus, cerebral symptoms). Adam has observed, in the horse, 

 anorexia, a benign icterus, a brownish-red coloration of the urine ; 

 later on, weakness, uncertainty of movements, staggering gait, 

 trembling, diminution of the pulse-rate; finally an intense icterus, 

 with symptoms of immobility, and acceleration of the pulse — all 

 this in the space of twenty- four or forty-eight hours. 



Suppurating hepatitis (abscess of the liver). Abscesses 

 of the liver are not very rare in our domestic animals. Suppu- 

 rating hepatitis is but a form of parenchymatous hepatitis. It is 

 due to different causes: 1. Embolism of the sub-hepatic veins or 

 branches of the hepatic artery (pyemia, acute infectious diseases. 

 2. Thrombosis of the ramifications of the portal system or of the 

 umbilical vein (omphalo-phlebitis). 3. The irritating action directly 

 exerted upon the liver by foreign bodies (food, sand, parasites) 

 coming from the stomach, the intestine, or the blood. ^ 4. Mechan- 



1 Mégnin has related an interesting incident of fatal hepatic hemorrhage caused by 

 the penetration into the liver of barbs of the flat or double-edged barley {Hordeum, 

 distichum). The horse which was the subject succumbed in ten minutes, presenting all 

 the indications of internal hemorrhage. At the autopsy was found in the abdomen 

 a discharge of blood of eight to ten litres; the posterior part of the liver presented 

 an anfractuous cavity, exactly at the point of introduction of the portal vein ; this 

 cavity was surrounded by a large zone three or four centimetres wide in which the 

 hepatic tissue was red-brown and much softened; in the region which surrounded 

 this zone we observed a large number of brownish- red spots, having the appearance 

 of hemorrhagic centres, and in the middle of each existed a small filiform, rigid and 

 hard body. In the anfractuosities of the rupture a great many of these bodies were 

 found, which had become the cause of its softening and tearing through their intro- 



