PARASITIC DISEASES OF THE LIVER. 



301 



When in a more or less extended radius it is impossible to check 

 the trouble, the raising of sheep there ought to be abandoned. As 

 distomiasis may be imported by sick sheep into countries where it 

 had never been seen, Leuckart advises, in the interest of the buyer, 

 to make a microscopic examination of the excrement and see that 

 it does not contain any fluke-worm eggs. Thomas admits the pos- 

 sibility of infection of the pastures by the hare and the stag. 



The time allowed for the contest of a buyer's contract is fourteen 

 days in Bavaria, in the grand duchy of Baden, in Hohenzollern, 

 and in Wurtemberg (where the affection is known under the name 

 of rot, dropsy); it is twenty-eight days in Hesse, thirty in Saxony, 

 two months in Austria, fifteen days in Bale (Switzerland), thirty- 

 one days in SchalThausen (Switzerland), and forty-two days in the 

 district of Frankfort-on-the-Main. 



ADDENDUM. — DISTOMIASIS OF THE COMMON CRAWFISH. 



(Distomiasis Astacina.) 



The " crawfish pest,'' which has appeared during the last few 

 years in the watercourses of central Europe, has been principally 

 attributed^ to the ingestion of the larvae of Distoma cirrigerum. 

 As symptoms (in man) we notice an upright and stiif walk, the 

 inability of those affected to defend themselves, the tumefaction of 

 the anal opening, some anesthesia and irritability, convulsions, 

 and paralysis. . At the autopsy we find numerous larvae encysted 

 in the muscles. 



This distomiasis must not be confounded with other diseases pre- 

 vailing in the crawfish. (See Poisonings: Mycosis Astacina; Toxic 

 mycosis caused by ptomaines). 



II. Echinococcosis. 



This disease is produced by the ingestion of the Echinococcus 

 polymorphus (formerly E. veterinorum), larva of the Tœnia Echino- 

 coccus of the dog. It is particularly frequent in the ox, less com- 

 mon in the sheep, the goat, and the pig, and much rarer in the 

 horse. It is also found in man, in the wild ruminants (stag, 

 chamois, antelope), in the monkey, the felines, in the turkey, etc. 

 The echinococci have been found in almost all the organs ; if they 



' Harz : Zeitschr. f. Thiermed., Bd. vii. 



