SECTIOlSr II. 



DISEASES OF THE URINARY APPARATUS, 



IMPORTANCE OP URINALYSIS IN MORBID CONDI- 

 TIONS, PARTICULARLY IN AFFECTIONS OF THE 

 KIDNEYS. 



The examiDation of the urine in the different pathological con- 

 ditions of the kidneys furnishes information quite as precise as that 

 which is required by auscultation and percussion in lung and heart 

 diseases.^ Without analysis of the urine, the diagnosis of most 

 ojfections of the uropoietio system is impossible. The study of the 

 pathology and therapeutics of the renal affections must be preceded 

 by a short description of abnormal matters occurring in the urine, 

 which are particularly important from a diagnostic point of view. 

 We shall describe, with some detail, the following: albuminuria, 

 hematuria, hemoglobinuria, the presence in the urine of tube-casts, 

 epithelial cells, white corpuscles, fatty corpuscles, micrococci, etc. 

 We shall take advantage of this circumstance in order to explain 

 methodically and as briefly as possible interesting facts which can 

 be drawn from analysis of the urine in a large number of diseases. 



We find very complete information upon this question in the 

 Manuel du Diagnostic microscopique et chimique des Maladies des 

 Animaux domestiques, of Siedamgrotzky and Hofmeister,^ and in 

 the treatise V Etude de V Urine, by Salkowski and Leube (1882). 



Historical sketch on urinalysis. The analysis of urine 

 was known in very ancient times, it having been undertaken, then 



1 Analyses of urines will never render, in veterinary practice, such services as 

 pointed out by the authors. In order to obtain indications of any value from these 

 analyses, and to be able to institute comparisons between them, they must be made 

 upon a sample obtained from the whole urine passed during twenty-four hours, and 

 have relation to the quantity of liquid furnished during that time. Everybody knows 

 that it is difficult, under ordinary conditions, to collect the urine of animals. — (Vig- 

 nardou.) 



2 French translation by Wehenkel and Ch. Siegen. Brussels, 1881 ; 2d edition, 1884. 



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