ANALYSIS OF THE URINE. 



343 



tine). However, from Oertel's^ observations, we notice results 

 showing that exclusively nitrogenized food does not produce the 

 elimination of albumin through the kidney. In the present state 

 of veterinary science it is advisable to start with a diet which in- 

 creases the quantity of albumin in the blood, and consequently to 

 make the patients ingest many albuminoids. The effects of reme- 

 dies which might be tried are little known. Frohner has observed 

 a lessening of albumin in the horse by means of digitalis and tinc- 

 ture of strophauthus ; this effect is explained by the rising of arterial 

 pressure and the depletion of the hyperemic kidneys. 



II. Hemog'lobinuria. The appearance of free hemoglobin in 

 the urine (almost always methemoglobin, more rarely hemoglobin 

 or oxyhemoglobin) may accompany the various affections in which 

 the principal morbid phenomenon is hemoglobinemia (methemoglo- 

 binemia), that is to say, the addition of dissolved hemoglobin to the 

 blood. But, as hemoglobin has a double source in the organism — 

 the red blood-corpuscles on one side and the striated muscles (color- 

 ing matter of the muscle) on the other, we must distinguish two 

 principal groups of diseases which are accompanied by hemoglo- 

 binemia and hemoglobinuria : 



a. Alterations of the blood : toxemic hemoglobinemia (or hema- 

 togene) and hemoglobinuria (Bollinger). 



b. Muscular alterations : rheumatismal hemoglobinemia (or myo- 

 gene) and hemoglobinuria (Frohner). 



Toxemic hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria. The dis- 

 solution of the red blood-corpuscles and the setting free of hemo- 

 globin are sometimes produced by true chemical poisons (properly 

 so-called toxemic hemoglobinemia), at other times by infectious 

 matters (infectious hemoglobinemia), and very probably by micro- 

 organisms. 



a. Among the chemical agents producing hemoglobinemia when 

 they are introduced into the blood, we must mention : distilled 

 water, glycerin, the gallates, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, 

 arsenate of hydrogen, iodine nitrobenzol, nitrate of amyl, nitrate 

 of soda, pyrogallic acid, paraldehyde, chlorate of potassium, cop- 

 per, edible mushrooms, etc. The transfusion of blood coming from 

 an animal of another species, extended burns (facts observed by 

 H. Bouley and others upon animals), fatty embolism, etc., act in 

 the same way. 



1 Oertel : Handb. der allgem. Therap. der Kreislaufsstorung, 1885. 



