354 DISEASES OF THE URINABY APPARATUS. 



and the insufficiency of the anatomico-pathological and microscopic 

 studies related to the diseases of the kidney — studies which have 

 not kept pace with those of similar diseases in human medicine, in 

 which important acquisitions upon nephritis have been recently made 

 (Ribbert, Friedlander, Fiirbinger, Aufrecht, Ziegler, Nauwerk). 

 As long as special researches are not forthcoming to fill the void 

 that we have pointed out, veterinary pathology will have to be 

 guided by the discoveries made in man. To explain the pathological 

 anatomy of nephritis we have put Ziegler's work in requisition.^ 



The division which it is proper to establish in nephritis is one 

 of the most delicate questions affecting this disease. In taking the 

 etiology or the anatomical characters as a basis of classification, we 

 may recognize numerous varieties of inflammation of the kidney, 

 but they do not answer to the requirements of practice. From an 

 etiological point of view, we might consider such forms of nephritis 

 as infectious, haoterialy mycotic, toxic, traumatic, rheumatismal, meta- 

 static, embolic, etc. According to the anatomical region of the 

 kidney which is first affected, we formerly distinguished a parent- 

 chymatous nephritis (an affection of the renal epithelium) and an 

 interstitial nephritis (inflammation of the vascular apparatus and 

 of the interstitial connective tissue) — forms to which modern au- 

 thors have added glomerular nephritis — that is to say, a localiza- 

 tion of phlegmasia upon the Malpighiau glomeruli. Nephritis 

 may also be divided into acute or chronic, diffused or circumseribed 

 forms. 



If among these numerous forms of nephritis we take those 

 answering to the actual state of veterinary pathology, we arrive at 

 the following clinical division : 



1. Acute nephritis, formerly ''acute Bright^s disease/^ It may 

 be of infectious, rheumatismal, toxic, or traumatic nature; some- 

 times it affects principally the glomeruli, at other times it appears 

 under the form of an acute diffused nephritis. 



2. Chronic nephritis : *' chronic Bright's disease of the older 

 school. It comprises the chronic parenchymatous interstitial 

 nephritis and the terminal period of this latter — that is to say, 

 atrophy of the kidney (small granulous kidney). 



3. Purulent nephritis, a consequence of pyemia or of suppurating 

 pyelitis which has extended to the renal parenchyma. 



1 Ziegler : Lehrbuch der pathol. Anatomie. 



