370 DISEASES OF THE URINARY APPARATUS. 



from "hematuria'^ of the ox, in which we may recognize as a cause 

 hemoglobenemia as well as nephritis. 



History. Hemoglobinemia in the horse is one of the oldest dis- 

 eases mentioned ; it has been designated under the names : black 

 straogury, spinal typhus, lumbar typhus, renal typhus, spino- 

 renal congestion, epizootic paraplegia, nervous syncope, acute 

 Bright's disease, brachial and lumbar neuropathia, lumbago {Kreuz- 

 verschlag, Windrehe), azoturia, etc. In the first third of this century, 

 after the appearance of veterinary journals, hemoglobinemia was still 

 described under different names. In those places where apparently 

 it did not exist it was doubtless confounded with other affections. 

 In Austria and Denmark this confusion has continued till the 

 latest period. It was first studied in Bavaria by Hofer, Adam, 

 Frick, Kolb, Franzissi, Gierer, Ableitner, etc.; then in Wiirtem- 

 berg, northern Germany, France, and Holland. 



The most diverse opinions have been given on the nature of this 

 disease. It has been looked upon as the expression of one of the 

 following pathological processes : 



1. Nephritis^ from which comes the name acute Bright's disease 

 (Hofer, Hering, Bruckmuller, Pflug, Ziindel). 



2. Myelitis or congestion of the spinal cord (Haubner, Friedberger, 

 Csokor, Trasbot). 



3. Decomposition of the blood, produced by septic and infectious 

 matters coming from tainted food (Kolb, Spinola, Vogel, Bollinger, 

 and others). Bollinger thinks that hemoglobinemia of the horse 

 consists of an auto-intoxication in which a noxious agent (ferment, 

 waste products) is formed under the influence of exercise or cold ; 

 this toxic agent would act upon the globules, destroy them, and 

 thus produce hemoglobinemia. 



4. Dissolution of the red corpuscles by the products of increased 

 retrogressive metamorphoses in the muscles, especially by the urea 

 and the extractive matters which accompany it (Siedamgrotzky and 

 Hofmeister). 



5. Rheumatismal affection of the muscles of the croup and loins, 

 with inflammation, œdema, degeneration, etc. (Weinmann, Lech- 

 leuthner, veterinarians of northern Germany, and others). 



Etiology and pathogenesis. We ought to consider black 

 strangury of the horse as an indirect myositis produced by cold — an 

 affection in which the coloring matter of the muscles, identical with 

 hemoglobin, is dissolved and passes into the blood. The exprès- 



