378 



DISEASES OF THE URINARY APPARATUS. 



ential diagnosis between hemoglobinemia and rheumatic colics. (See 

 Differential Diagnosis of Colics.) 



2. Muscular rheumatism. In hemoglobinemia the affected mus- 

 cles are the seat of serious alterations, and their coloring matter 

 passes into the blood — phenomena which are always wanting in 

 rheumatism. When the characters of hemoglobinemia are not 

 clearly marked, if several animals of the same state are affected 

 simultaneously, we may still make the diagnosis of " black stran- 

 gury'^ if determined by a rheumatic affection of the hind quarters. 

 The history, the hemoglobinuria, also sudden appearance of paresis 

 or paralysis, are sufficient to establish the diagnosis in most cases. 

 In addition to this, extended muscular rheumatism, without hemo- 

 globinemia, is extremely rare in the horse. 



3. Thrombosis of the posterior aorta and of its terminal branches 

 (iliac arteries, arteries of the pelvis, crural arteries). This condi- 

 tion sometimes occasions manifestations similar to those of " black 

 strangury," and the differential diagnosis may be difficult at the 

 outset ; a rectal exploration, however, informs us at once as to the 

 nature of the trouble. Moreover, in obliteration of the aorta, the 

 symptoms are very rapidly dissipated to make place for a complete 

 recovery, and they reappear quite as abruptly without any apparent 

 cause ; lastly, they may be produced artificially by forced move- 

 ments. 



4. Spinal apoplexy. Spinal paralysis and paresis of the hind 

 quarters which are of an inflammatory or traumatic nature may be 

 confounded with hemoglobinemia. The traumatic origin and slow 

 development of spinal meningitis, the possible existence of pi-imary 

 morbid centres for the emboli in cases of apoplexy, are very impor- 

 tant points helping to establish the diagnosis. The composition of 

 the urine almost always gives very precise information. 



5. Tetanus. This may be confounded with hemoglobinemia on 

 account of the hardness and tension of the muscles of the croup; 

 but comparison of the symptoms of both diseases renders the dis- 

 tinction easy, even in cases where hemoglobinemia is accompanied 

 by trismus. 



Nephritis, bacterial anthrax, and petechial fever. Careful exami- 

 nation of the animals permits us also to establish a difference be- 

 tween hemoglobinemia and these affections. 



Treatment. Prophylactic means have especially to be applied. 

 When the horse is left resting for twenty-four or forty-eight hours 



