ADDENDA TO THE DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS. 379 



or longer, the food ration has to be diminished and the animal must 

 be given a little exercise in the open air every day ; the organism 

 will thus remain accustomed to the outside temperature. The 

 ventilation of the stable should be arranged in such a way as to 

 avoid draughts, and it must be seen to that the temperature remains 

 moderate. In observing these indications, one can almost surely 

 counteract hemoglobinemia. 



When the disease has set in, we must above all things give the 

 animal rest, by placing it in a quadrupedal position, supporting it if 

 necessary in a suspensory apparatus ; permanent decubitus is acccom- 

 panied by pulmonary hypostasis, and rapidly leads to death. But 

 the suspended animal ought to be watched ; if its limbs are inert, 

 it may be asphyxiated in a few seconds. Every time the dissolu- 

 tion of the blood is such as to determine a severe dyspuœa and a 

 considerable acceleration of the heart's action, it is of advantage, 

 according to our observations, to bleed copiously ; when the blood 

 is very thick, and runs off with difficulty, bilateral bleeding is 

 indicated. It often happens that paresis of the bladder produces 

 retention of urine ; we must then try to empty it by pressure of 

 the hand flattened in the rectum, also by catheter. 



With the object of provoking the elimination of hemoglobin 

 through the kidneys, we must make the patient ingest as much water 

 as possible and excite the cutaneous function by dry frictions, or by 

 stimulating frictions of camphorated alcohol, essence of turpentine, 

 etc. The suppressed peristaltic movements should be induced by 

 évacuants, laxatives, and even by drastics. Sulphate of physo- 

 stigmine is recommended on account of its easy administration and 

 the promptness and safety of its effects ; it is injected (dissolved in 

 water or in a sublimate solution of 1 : 1000), in a dose of 0.08 to 

 0.12 gramme, under the skin of neck or shoulders. 



The dietetic treatment consists in giving farinaceous drinks, clear 

 slops, carrots, green fodder, or good hay. We must avoid heating 

 food, especially oats. Convalescing animals must be gradually 

 accustomed to service. 



Utz has described a subacute form of hemoglobinemia. The 

 symptoms, instead of being apoplectiform, would evolve slowly, so 

 that the animals would only appear sick after the third or fourth 

 day. This author also finds a tumefaction of the masseters accom- 

 panied by a difficulty of mastication (trismus). In one case Fried- 

 berger has also observed a very pronounced trismus. 



