388 DISEASES OF THE URINARY APPARATUS. 



with a croupous exudate, or become incrusted with sediments which 

 render the membrane very rigid incrustation catarrh.'') Accord- 

 ing to Bruckmuller, chronic catarrh, quite frequent in the horse, is 

 marked by a brownish coloration, pigmentation, thickening, and 

 ulceration of the mucous membrane by the infiltration of the sub- 

 mucous connective tissue and the dilatation of the renal pelvis. 

 Soon nephritis and cystitis complicate pyelitis ; the purulent form 

 especially is easily complicated by suppurating nephritis and pyo- 

 nephrosis. 



Symptoms. Pyelitis being almost always accompanied by 

 nephritis and cystitis, the symptoms are necessarily very vague; 

 it would be impossible to define the diagnosis with certainty except 

 in cases where microscopic examination of the urine shows the cylin- 

 drical epithelium characteristic of the lower layers of the renal pelvis 

 (dentate cells which resemble the eminences on the molar teeth.) 



In the ox it is at times possible to recognize distention of the 

 kidney pelvis through a rectal exploration. According to the 

 nature and form of the pyelitis we find pus corpuscles in the urine ; 

 also bloody or fibrinous clots, necrotic mucous tissue, earthy sedi- 

 mentary masses, and even eggs of strongyli ( Adacco), when the renal 

 pelvis contains the giaut eustrougylus. The other symptoms vary 

 with the nature of the primary affection ; it is thus that the renal 

 calculi produce colics and dysuria (renal colics). Prolonged reten- 

 tion of urine is always complicated by uremia. 



Treatment. The treatment is identical with that of the affection 

 which has produced the pyelitis ; alkalines may be used, also anti- 

 septics and astringents : boric acid, salicylic acid, creolin, and the 

 various substances containing gallic acid. 



Retention of the Urine. 



Retention of the urine, also called anuria, dysuria, urinous colic, 

 etc., consists of the accumulation of urine in the bladder, the ureters, 

 and the renal pelvis. It is accompanied by distention, then by 

 inflammation of these organs, and may occasion mechanical atrophy 

 of the renal substance, hydronephrosis, uremia, and peritonitis 

 through rupture of the bladder. It does not constitute, so to 

 speak, a true disease, but only a symptom of many affections. It 

 is quite frequently observed in the ox, the dog, the horse, and the 

 sheep ; in all the different species it is much more common in entire 

 or castrated males than in females. 



