394 DISEASES OF THE URINARY APPARATUS. 



Symptoms. We observe frequent micturitions, which are scant 

 and painful ; the urine sometimes runs off drop by drop ; in the 

 horse the testicles are drawn upward and the penis is in an almost 

 constant half-erected condition ; the female animals make expulsive 

 exertions, the lips of the vulva are constantly opening and closing, 

 the clitoris is turgescent. Slight colics are added to these symp- 

 toms. Palpation of the bladder through the abdominal walls (in 

 small animals) or by rectum is painful. According to the degree 

 of the phlegmasia, we recognize a more or less intense fever; the 

 appetite is diminished or completely suppressed. The urine has 

 undergone important modifications; it contains abnormal elements 

 coming from the inflamed mucous membrane : desquamated pave- 

 ment epithelium, white corpuscles, mucus, albumin, crystals of 

 ammoniaco-magnesium phosphate when it has undergone some 

 decomposition. In carnivorous animals its reaction becomes neu- 

 tral or alkaline. In purulent cystitis it deposits a more or less 

 thick mucous or flaky sediment, at times only purulent, to which 

 are added necrotic crusts in the "croupo-diphtheric " form, and red 

 corpuscles in the hemorrhagic form. Chronic cystitis will often 

 pass unobserved, especially in the ox ; the examination of the urine 

 is then of the greatest importance. 



Treatment. It consists in the internal administration of agents 

 which are capable of modifying advantageously the inflammatory 

 condition of the mucous membrane : boric acid, salicylic acid, chlor- 

 ate of potash or creosote. In a medium-sized dog we give this 

 latter medicine in a dose of 0.15 gramme per day in three pills. 

 In chronic cystitis we must resort to resinous substances like tur- 

 pentine, aloes, etc. But the treatment of cystitis comprises also 

 indications of a surgical kind. We have to practise cleansing of 

 the bladder by means of antiseptics : solutions of creosote, J : 100; 

 carbolic acid, boric acid, chloride of zinc, chlorate of potash, 

 1-3 : 100 ; sublimate, 1-5 : 100 ; nitrate of silver, 1-2 : 100. 



Vesical Hematuria. 



Etiology. The causes of this affection are : wounds of the 

 vesical mucous membrane by calculi ; contusions and injuries of 

 the bladder caused by a fall or by a fracture of the pelvis, etc. ; 

 hemorrhagic cystitis produced by the ingestion of irritating agents, 

 chronic cystitis with varicose dilatation of the veins ; finally the 



