HINTS ON TRANSPLANTING. 
The first step is a thorough preparation of the soil. This 
may be done by sub-soil plowing-, trenching or deep digging. 
Where the sub-soil is saturated with water, under-drains or 
open ditches must be put in, as trees or plants will not remain 
healthy if water is suffered to stand about their roots. A 
soil capable of growing a fair crop of wheat or corn is in 
good condition fur trees. It may be kept in condition by an 
annual application of manure, applied as a mulching around 
the trees late in the fall, and worked in in the spring. 
When trees and plants are removed from the nursery as 
carefully as possible some of the roots will be injured in the 
digging and packing. At the time of transplanting, those so 
injured should be cut off smooth with a sharp knife. Standard 
trees should have their branches so thinned and cut back as 
to compensate for the loss of roots in taking them from the 
nursery. The previous year's growth should be shortened 
in to from four to six eyes. 
Those for pyramids should have their lower branches 
shortened in at least one-fourth of the previous year's growth, 
and the lateral branches more and more as you approach the 
top. The leading or most upright shoot may have lialf its 
new wood taken off. Yearlings intended for dwarfs or pyra- 
mids should be pruned in fully one-half their growth. All 
lateral branches should be taken off, which will cause them 
to throw out branches near the ground. 
Planting a tree is an important operation. The hole hav- 
ing been dug sufficiently large to receive the roots, without 
their being cramped, a person must place it in the hole, care- 
fully watching that he dqes not get it too deep, while an 
assistant must spread out in their natural position the roots, 
