1838.] 



Ueport on the Mackenzie Manuscripts. 



7 



light of truth. 10. Samyanam, duly to celebrate all special periods, 

 festivals, or the like. 



b. The Sravana Dherma is of eleven kinds. 1. Terisinigen, one 

 who relinquishes certain unclean kinds of food, with killing, lying, 

 theft, and all anxious cares. 2. Vritiken, one who eats not at night, is 

 faithful to his teacher, to his family, and to his religion ; he is self-res- 

 trained, and keeps silence, and zealously renounces the use of all plea- 

 sant vegetables. 3. Sdmdlhiken, is one, who with the foregoing qua- 

 lifications, renders homage to the Divine Being three times a day, 

 morning, noon and evening. 4. Proshopavdsen, one who fasts on cer- 

 tain days, so appointed to be observed. 5. Sachitaii-vrithen, one who, 

 with the foregoing dispositions, renounces certain kinds of food. 



6. Rattiri-hakhten, one who observes mortification during the day only. 



7. Bramahmdchdrya, one always occupied in contemplation of God. 



8. ^Tiaramjoaw one who quits cultivation, and all other secular occu- 

 pations. 9. Jparigrahan, one who renounces all kind of earthly gain. 

 10. Anumati pinda-vrithe?}, one who forbears to eat even that which 

 he had prepared. 11. Uiishta-pinda-vrithen, one who relinquishes 

 dress, except for mere decency ; he carries a pot, and lives in a wil- 

 derness. 



B. The Purva Carmam iind Apara-Carmain. a —The Purva Carmam 

 is of 16 kinds ; and relates to ceremonies preceding birth, attendant on 

 it, or consequent thereto; with any particular ceremonies on special 

 occasions during life. 



b. The Apara Carmam is of twelve kinds ; and relates to cere- 

 monies consequent on death ; the first being burning the body, and 

 the others different rites appropriated to following days. The names 

 only are given, without any explanation of the various ceremonies. 



Note. — Section 4.— A, IS in the Grant'ha-Sanscrit character, with a 

 little «/ama-Tamil, towards the close. B. is Jaina-Tamil ; though 

 not very legible, the restoration has been effected. This section may 

 have its use. 



BemarL—ln the Sravana Dherma, particularly, some resemblance 

 appears to some peculiar and known tenets of the Pythagorean philo- 

 sophy. Pythagoras is considered to have learned his system from the 

 Gymnosophists of India, usually confounded with the Brachmanes ; but 

 the Sanscrit term answering to Gymnosophist is Digamhara, usually un- 

 derstood to have belonged especially to the ancient votaries of Budd'ha, 

 and from it the Brahmans of the south coined the corrupt term Samanar^ 

 to denote the shameless sect of the Baudd'has or Jainas. I think 



