412 Report on the Goomsar, Duspullah and Boad Zemindaries. [April 



The land of the valleys which lies beyond the reach of irrigation 

 tlius conducted, bears a large proportion of the most productive dry 

 crops of Orissaj distinguished in the preceding list of vegetable pro- 

 ducts by the letter T. Tracts of considerable extent, and of great im- 

 portance to the cultivator, are cleared on the forest clad slopes, 

 for the production principally of turmeric and mustard, but also 0£ 

 castor oil, Indian-corn, and the Joorunga bean. 



The turmeric of these hill-farms is the great source of Khond 

 weakh. It thrives best in light red, stony soil, on which no water 

 rests. Before sowing, the ground is ploughed three or four times, 

 and well manured with cow-dung and rotten straw. It is sown in 

 drills, and carefully hoed and weeded for two years, when it is 

 mature. It is replaced by a crop of mustard ; again succeeded by 

 turmeric. The greater kundaloo or tuar must not be omitted as an 

 apparently exclusive grain of the hill valleys and table-land. 



Between a fourth and a fifth part of the whole of this portion of 

 the plateau is under cultivation, and upon few tracts are beauty and 

 wealth of surface more richly lavished. 



The route from Borogootza runs west by south, through a densely 

 wooded country to Sooroodoocoopa, placed in a hill basin over the 

 Hattigoontza ghaut, on the western brink of the table-land. 



Returning for a short distance to the eastward, it proceeds southward 

 across the richly embellished valley of Bulscoopa. From Bulscoopa it 

 passes through strait, forest cla.i valleys to Moondagaum in Tentelia- 

 ghur, whence the drainage flows eastward to Chokapaud. It thence 

 crosses, to the southward, the ridge which divides these waters from 

 those of the valley of the Salki. 



Passing through the district of Hodzoghoro, drained by that stream, 

 the route traverses the ravine leading to Calingia, from which the 

 Bortungia river springs. 



The basin-shaped tablet of Calingia, is divided from the lower 

 valley of Courraingia, by a low ridge, which connects the raised 

 epstarn edge of the great table-land with the hills of the eastern 

 slope of the valley uf the Salki. 



Over the western shoulder of this ridge, the route descends into 

 the broad and open valley of Courmingia, from whence the ghaut 

 which bears its naiiie, and the paso of Durgapersaud lead to the 

 low country of Goomsur. 



