THE PARK AND GARDENS OF YILDIZ, CONSTANTINOPLE. 109 



The tulip tree does well, as do various kinds of oak {Quercus 

 infectoria, &c.), elm, lime, maple, poplar, and plane. Gleditschia 

 triacarithos and its thornless variety, Koelreuteria faniculata, Pistacia 

 Terehinthus, brilliant in its autumnal tints, Indian lilac (Melia Aze- 

 darach), TracJiy carpus excelsa, Manna Ash (Fraximis Ornus), chestnut 

 (Castanea), Paulownia, Catalpa, and Albizzia Jiilihrksin also occur. 

 The last-named — an Acacia-like tree, with pinkish, fluffy flowers — is a 

 favourite at Constantinople. 



Some of the groups of trees have been underplanted with shrubs. 

 Privets were noticed in a withered condition, presumably on account 

 of its being impossible to supply the water that was once given to 

 them. Several conifers were also suffering from drought. Formerly, 

 a good deal of watering was done, but now much of the ground remains 

 in a parched condition during the summer months. 



The following shrubs, &c., are numerously represented: Lilacs, 

 Euonymus, Sweet Bay, Spirseas, Aucubas, Photinia glabra, Guelder 

 Eoses, Laurustinus, Kerria, Berberis dulcis, Philadelphus, Jasminum 

 fiudiflorum and J. fruiicans, Phillyrea, Deutzias, Weeping Mulberry, 

 Pittosporum, Prunus Pissardi, Banksian, Chinese, and other free- 

 growing roses. The best variegated-leaved tree or shrub is Acer 

 Negundo variegata. It remains in a good condition throughout the 

 summer months. 



A considerable amount of " bedding out " was done when the ex- 

 Sultan, Abdul Hamid, was at Yildiz. The principal plants used during 

 the winter were various varieties of Stock, Eschscholzia, Calendula,, 

 Candytuft, Pansy, Daisy, Mhnulus, Myosotis, Silene, and Virginian 

 Stock. 



In the summer the favourite bedding plants were: Pelargoniums, 

 Begonia semper jiorens, gracilis, and half-shrubby species, Fuchsias, 

 Lantanas, Acalyphas, Salvia splendens, Verbenas, Impatiens Sultani, 

 large-flowered Cannas, Coleus, variegated-leaved A ^erahim, Chrysanthe- 

 mums, and various plants used for carpet bedding. 



Yildiz consists of : — 



(1) The Grand Park, or Jardin exterieur, laid out by Sester during 

 the time of the Sultan Medjid (1839-1861). The principal trees have 

 already been mentioned. There are several buildings in the Grand 

 Park, including the porcelain factory, where formerly forty workmen 

 were employed, and several kiosks. 



(2) The harem buildings, separated from the Grand Park by a 

 high wall, thus forming a very secure retreat. 



In the harem garden, or Jardin intSrieur, a winding lake with small 

 pleasure boats is a conspicuous feature. The principal plants are fruit 

 trees and conifers. Among the latter are flourishing specimens of 

 Sequoia, Abies Nordmanniana, A. Pinsapo, Gedrus Libani and 

 G. atlantica, the Weymouth Pine {Pinus Strobus), and Prumnopity s . 

 Other trees and shrubs that may be mentioned are llagnolia grandiflora 

 and M. conspicua Soulangeana, several fine Camellias, Diospyros 

 I Kaki, narrow-leaved myrtle, cut-leaved beech, Sopliora japonica pendula, 



