228 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



from 6° to 32° 0. of cell-wall to the expansion of water was found to 

 be 2-2.— G. F. S.-E. 



Bordeaux Mixture made with Lime-water. By D. McAlpine 

 (Jour. Dep. Agr. Vict., November 1909, p. 702). — A form of Bordeaux 

 may be used in which lime-water takes the place of the milk of lime. 

 Less bluestone is necessary, and the solution is equally efficacious. 

 The formula is : 



Bluestone . . . . . 3 lb. 2 oz. 

 Lime-water ..... 42| gallons. 

 Water to make up to . . . .50 gallons. 



The lime-water may be prepared by placing the quicklime (2| lb.) in 

 a gunny bag (or any bag of loose texture will do) and suspending it in 

 the proper quantity of water in the morning, and next morning it will 

 be ready for use. It may be run off into the bluestone solution, and 

 after thorough mixing it is ready for spraying. — G. H. TI. 



Breeding-, Application of Some of the Principles of Heredity 



to Plant. By W. J. Spillman (U.S.A. Dept. Agr., Bur. PI. Ind., 

 Bull. 165, 67 pp.). — The author first gives a description of Mendelian 

 phenomena, referring to the work of English experimenters, and to 

 much of the recent literature upon this subject. Other section headings 

 are Latency, Eeciprocal Crosses, Mutations, etc. The whole constitutes 

 a convenient r^sum& of the work of recent years in experimental 

 eugenics and its bearing upon the work of practical breeding. 



E. A. Bd. 



Breeding" : The Superiority of Line Breeding- over Narrow. 



By O. F. Cook (U.S.A. Dept. Agr., Bur. PI. Ind., Bull. 146, pp. 1-40). 

 — '* Line " breeding is the term applied when strains are descended 

 from single individuals propagated without interbreeding with other 

 lines of descent. 



" Narrow " breeding is applied to the propagation of small numbers 

 of closely similar individuals. 



A closely detailed discussion leads to the following conclusions: — j 



" Line " breeding is best suited for the raising of a product to a ' 

 high degree of uniformity and is termed conservative." 



" Narrow " breeding is the condition in which degeneration most 

 promptly takes place, and is "destructive." 



The practical importance of uniformity must not lead tne breeder 

 to overlook the fact that it is attained at the price of degeneration. 

 It is recognized, however, that no single system can be applied to the 

 whole field of experimental breeding, owing to diversity of conditions, 

 and especially to variations in protoplasmic longevity. — E. A. Bd. 



Bromeliaceae, Morphologrical Changes in Roots of, Due to 

 Attack of Heterodera. By James Waterston (Trans. Roy. Bat. Sci. 

 Ediv. vol. xxiv. part i. pp. 26 to 34 ; 3 plates). — An account of the 



