NOTES AND ABSTKACTS. 



473 



The varieties ' Golden Eusset ' and ' Eoxbury Eusset ' gave the 

 greatest sugar contents in the raw juice and developed the highest per- 

 centages of alcohol, though run very close in the latter respect by 

 * Balls ' {syn. ' Eawles Janet '), the raw juice of which gave a much 

 smaller sugar content. — A. P. 



Apple Culture under Irrig-ation. By Fabian Garcia (U.S.A. 

 Exp. Stn. Neio Mexico, Bull. 75; Feb. 1910; 14 figs.).— New Mexico 

 is at the southern limit of the apple-growing belt, and though, on 

 account of its large area and difference in altitude, a great variety 

 of climatic and soil conditions exists, dry-farming is the general system 

 of agriculture adopted, and it is necessary that all apple orchards 

 should be irrigated (p. 5). Yet the apple is the most important 

 orchard fruit in the State, being principally grown in the large valleys 

 and in the hills, where streams can be utihzed for irrigation (p. 1). 

 The latter process as applied to orchards does not seem to be well 

 understood, and the author says there is at present very little definite 

 and accurate information upon it (p. 16). Full instructions are given 

 for planting an orchard under these rather exceptional conditions, 

 though fuller knowledge may modify them in some respect. The 

 apple tree is not very long-lived in New Mexico, especially in the. 

 warmer valleys, nor does it attain a very large size. Until a few 

 years ago it was free from any Insect enemies (p. 36); but to-day 

 fruit-growers in this State have to contend w^ith many, especially the 

 woolly aphis, the San Jose scale, and the codlin moth, the latter being 

 the worst of any, and methods for dealing with them are detailed. 

 The root of " Northern Spy " is held to be practically immune to the 

 Woolly aphis. — A. P. 



Apple Diseases* By Charles Brooks (U.S.A. Exp. Stn. New 

 Hampshire, Bull. 144; Dec. 1909; 29 figs.): — An interesting descrip- 

 tion of the germination and growth of the spores of fungi attacking 

 the apple is given. Scab (Ventufia pomi), fruit-spot (Cylindrosporium 

 pomi), leaf-spot, black rot and canker (Sphaeropsis malorum), &c., are 

 dealt with, together with other diseases and the best methods of coping 

 with them.— y. G. J. 



Apple Diseases: Lime Sulphur v. Bordeaux. By W. M. 



Scott (U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bur. PI. hid., Circ. 54; March 1910; 

 3 plates). — In recent years Bordeaux mixture has come into ill favour 

 among American apple -growers, on account of its injurious effect upon 

 the fruit and foliage of certain varieties, ' Ben Davis,' for instance, 

 being so seriously russeted that often most of the fruit sprayed with it 

 is rendered second-class. Experiments have been made for two years 

 with a lime-sulphur solution, containing about 4 lb. of sulphur to 

 50 gallons of water, which may be obtained by using 1^ gallon of the 

 commercial solution to 50 gallons of water. The results are by no 

 means conclusive, but the writer thinks that a lime-sulphur preparation 



