474 JOURNAL OF TTIR EOYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



in one form or another is destined to supersede Bordeaux mixture 

 in the spraying of varieties of apples subject to serious injury from the 

 latter.— A. P. 



Apples : Fumigation for San Jos6 Scale. By A. L. Quain- 

 tance (U.S.A. Dep. dgr., Bur. Entom., Bull. 84; Sept. 1909; 2 plates 

 and 3 figs.). — Certain European Governments prohibiting the importa- 

 tion of all fruits from America which show upon inspection the pre- 

 sence of San Jose scale, the fumigation of infected fruits with hydro- 

 cyanic gas has been tried, with the result that the scales have been 

 killed without injury to the quality and appearance of the fruit, and it 

 is believed to be practicable on a commercial scale if foreign Govern- 

 ments will accept the fruit so treated. An appendix gives a synopsis 

 of the regulations m force in foreign countries relating to the importa- 

 tion of plants and fruits. — A, P. 



Apple Spraying- in 1908. By H. A. Gossard {U.S.A. Exp. 

 Stn. Ohio, Circ. 95; Apr. 30, 1909; 8 figs.). — A summary of results 

 from spraying experiments, with tables and figures illustrating the 

 quantity of fruit obtained from sprayed and unsprayed trees. — V. G J. 



Apple Worm (Eriannonia prunivora Walsh), Additional Obser- 

 vations on the Lesser. By S. W. Foster and P. B. Jones 

 {U.S.A. Dep. Agr., Bur. Entom., Bull. 80, part iii. ; Aug. 12, 1909; 

 2 figs.). — The usual treatment practised against the codlin moth has 

 so far served to keep in check very effectively serious injury by this 

 species. — -V. G. J. 



Ascent of Water in Plants. By P. A. Eashardt {Beih. Bol. 



Cent. XXV. 1. Abt. Pteft iii. pp. ^43-357; 1910).— This important paper 

 deals with the assistance given by the living cell's of the stem and 

 petible in the afecent of sap. 



The experiments were carried out with about 800 plants, belongiiig 

 to 131 different species and 59 natural orders. A great vni'iety of herba- 

 cedus plants and shrubs (both monocotyledons and dicotyledons) were 

 used; most were grown under natural conditions in the open air. 



The method was that employed by Dixon, Ursprung, and others, 

 and consisted in killing a certain length of the stem or petiole by meaus 

 of steam, ether, or xylol. 



When this was done the upper part (above the injured portion) 

 always withered after a greater or less interval. Water still j^asses. 

 however, for some time, though in greatly reduced quantity. The 

 withering of the leaves shows, even after quite a short time, that some 

 of the living cells are killed. It sometimes happens that tlie withered 

 parts recover turgescence during the night, but the final result iii 125 

 species of plants was death by witliering. 



The longer the stretcli of stem or [^etioh^ killed the sooner withering 

 took place. Plants of the same species, and in the same stage of 

 growth, &c., withered in the same time if the part of stem or petiole 



