488 JOUENAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



bait has been used successfully in Italy. The following mixture may 

 be sprayed on the trees before the eggs are laid: 1 lb. arsenate of 

 lead, 25 gallons of water, 5 gallons of treacle. — 0. H. L. 



Fruit-g-rowing- for Home Use. By H. P. Gould {U.S.A. Dep. 

 Ayr., Bur. PL Ind., Circ. 51; March 1910; 5 figs.). — The central and 

 southern plains of the United States are a semi-arid region, the rainfall 

 varying from 12 to 20 inches a year, and the shade temperature from 

 -30° F., or less, to 100° F., or more (p. 7). It is recognized by the 

 authorities that, in the rapid settlement which is taking place in this 

 area, owing to the improved methods of dry-farming now in vogue, the 

 matter of home building is a very important feature, and a good supply 

 of fruit a very material element in the well-being of the family. Sur- 

 plus fruit always sells well in these parts, buyers sometimes driving 

 forty or fifty miles across the plains to obtain it (p. 15). The pecuHar 

 obstacles which these great plains offer to fruit-growing are severe hail- 

 storms, late spring frosts, and the ever-present difficulty of insufficient 

 rainfall, the most important point in the production of all crops, fruit 

 included, being the conservation of moisture. In an area so vast, how- 

 ever, the conditions will not be uniformly bad. Those living in it, or 

 intending to do so, will find valuable information in this circular about 

 fruit-growing as it has to adapt itself to the peculiar conditions of soil 

 and climate. — A. P. 



Fruit-growing in, Wisconsin ((7. aS'. A. Hort. Soc, Wisconsin, 

 Bull. 17 ; 4 plates). — The object of this bulletin is to correct what the 

 authors call the erroneous notion that conditions in this State are not 

 well adapted for fruit-growing. Those early settlers who first planted 

 fruit trees seem to have had a disastrous experience, partly through 

 planting wrong varieties, partly through that neglect which is the 

 common portion of orchards regarded as mere adjuncts to farms, and 

 partly through choosing the open prairie, where there was no original 

 tree growth, trees accustomed to more or less sheltered conditions, or 

 at least to a broken or rolling country, not succeeding in such positions. 



The yield of apples in Wisconsin in 1909 was estimated at 250,000 

 barrels. Statistics are given, based on concrete cases, showing the cost 

 of planting an orchard and bringing it to a productive stage, with the 

 subsequent annual cost of maintenance and gross value of produce. 



A. P. 



Fruits in Wisconsin, Common Insect Pests of. By J. G. 



Moore {U.S.A. Exp. Stn. Wisconsin, Bull. 190, Feb. 1910; 32 figs.).— 

 The bulletin describes each insect in the form in which it does its 

 damage, together with the character of the injurj^, so that the pest 

 may be easily identified and treated accordingly. The pests dealt with 

 are the scale insects and msects affecting the apple, ]3lum, clierr} , 

 and small fruits. — V. G. J. 



Fruit Trees : Protection from Gnawing- Animals. By F. IT. 



Ballon {U.S.A. Exp. Sin. Ohio, Bull. 208; Aug. 1909; 20 figs.).— 



